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-0.0481 Tw (nte E. Cornell and Fariz Ismailza) Tj 196.44 0 TD 0.0326 Tc 0 Tw (de) Tj 14.4 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -231.12 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -22.8 TD ( ) Tj 0 -22.68 TD ( ) Tj T* 0.0136 Tc 0.4113 Tw (The BTC pipeline\222s total length throughout t) Tj 238.32 0 TD -0.0038 Tc 0.4368 Tw (he three countries will be 1,760) Tj 160.92 0 TD 0.0129 Tc 0.2521 Tw ( km, of ) Tj -399.24 -16.8 TD 0.0015 Tc 0.5549 Tw (which Azerbaijan will host 445 km. The pipeline will export up to 1 million barrels) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0078 Tc 1.2472 Tw (of crude Azerbaijani \(and subject to the future ) Tj 1.3037 Tc 0 Tw (n) Tj 260.4 0 TD -0.017 Tc (egotiations,) Tj 60.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0171 Tc 1.2079 Tw (possibly Kazakh) Tj 86.76 0 TD -0.0079 Tc 0 Tw (stani) Tj 25.32 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -16.68 TD 0.0027 Tc 0.0702 Tw (and Russian\) oil per day from the Azeri, Chirag, and Guneshli fields in the Caspian ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0015 Tc 0.3179 Tw (sea to world markets. It will originate at the existing Sangachal terminal near Baku ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0148 Tc 4.5597 Tw (and will terminate at a new storage and export termin) Tj 321 0 TD -0.0035 Tc 4.4685 Tw (al, the BTC Marine) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -321 -16.8 TD 0.013 Tc 2.0889 Tw (Terminal. The first tanker with Caspian oil leaving the port of Ceyhan will be) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0039 Tc 0.0488 Tw (loaded in the second half of 2005.) Tj 171.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -171.12 -22.68 TD -0.0085 Tc 0.3335 Tw (The pipeline will occupy a corridor eight meters wide, and will be buried at a depth ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0298 Tc -0.0048 Tw (of ) Tj 14.4 0 TD -0.0233 Tc 0.7683 Tw (no less than) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 66.84 0 TD 0.0086 Tc 0.6964 Tw (one meter. Although or) Tj 124.32 0 TD 0.0023 Tc 0.6377 Tw (iginally priced at $2.9 billion, BTC will cost ) Tj -205.56 -16.68 TD 0.0034 Tc 1.0647 Tw (more than $3.4 billion. The Azerbaijani section will be 42 inches wide in diameter) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.009 Tc 0.912 Tw (with a durability of 40 years. In Azerbaijan, BTC passes 350 road and rail and 700) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0024 Tc 0.7873 Tw (water crossings. 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At the same time, BTC has been) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 2.4256 Tw (instrumental in developing and) Tj 170.4 0 TD -0.0019 Tc 2.3469 Tw ( strengthening the so) Tj 116.52 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0381 Tc 2.5831 Tw (called \223East) Tj 63.6 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0076 Tc 2.2974 Tw (West\224 energy,) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -359.04 -16.68 TD 0.0055 Tc 3.9194 Tw (transport and telecommunications corridor. 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Finally,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -293.88 -16.8 TD 0.0091 Tc 0.9159 Tw (BTC was and remains regarded by Azerbaijanis as a tool for economic prosperity.) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0016 Tc 1.6586 Tw (This approach is more pronounced among ordinary Azerbaijanis than among the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0071 Tc 0.1619 Tw (political elite. Average citizens of the country have been desperately w) Tj 368.52 0 TD 0.0095 Tc 0.0954 Tw (aiting for the ) Tj -368.52 -16.68 TD -0.0133 Tc 1.4063 Tw (completion of the pipeline as they have been promised a long) Tj 330.6 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0284 Tc 1.5533 Tw (awaited and much) Tj 97.8 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -16.68 TD -0.0017 Tc 0.0594 Tw (desired economic boom and a concomitant reduction in the poverty rate. ) Tj 380.4 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -380.4 -37.56 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0229 Tc -0.0071 Tw (BTC\222s ) Tj 41.4 0 TD 0.0197 Tc 0 Tw (E) Tj 9.96 0 TD 0.0022 Tc -0.0322 Tw (conomic ) Tj 54.84 0 TD -0.0398 Tc 0 Tw (I) Tj 5.4 0 TD 0.0031 Tc (mpact) Tj 37.32 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -148.92 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.005 Tc 1.1719 Tw (There are currently close to 15,000 people employed with foreign com) Tj 371.4 0 TD 0.0079 Tc 1.1571 Tw (panies in oil) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj -371.4 -16.68 TD 0.0079 Tc 0.2898 Tw (and gas projects in Azerbaijan. 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Moreove) Tj 106.56 0 TD -0.0087 Tc 4.6657 Tw (r, $150 million in direct in) Tj 155.16 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0032 Tc 4.6217 Tw (country investment will reach) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -265.92 -16.8 TD -0.0029 Tc 0.9579 Tw (Azerbaijan. Many local companies will also benefit from BTC due to the project\222s) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.1088 Tw (policy to purchase local goods and services if they meet international standards.) Tj 414.72 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -414.72 -22.68 TD -0.0025 Tc 5.1875 Tw (It is estimated that following the) Tj 197.04 0 TD -0.003 Tc 5.188 Tw ( construction of BTC and the export of) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -197.04 -16.8 TD -0.0008 Tc 0.8058 Tw (Azerbaijani oil to Western markets, the total oil revenues of Azerbaijan will reach) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0008 Tc 0.2858 Tw (close to $140 billion dollars at world oil prices of $45 per barrel) Tj 323.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.36 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.12 0 TD 0.0016 Tc 0.2153 Tw ( though it should be ) Tj -332.52 -16.8 TD -0.0039 Tc 1.126 Tw (noted that BP projects $100 billion at pric) Tj 220.2 0 TD 0.0298 Tc 1.0752 Tw (es of $30 per barrel) Tj 100.2 0 TD 0.0053 Tc 1.1597 Tw (. The Shah Deniz gas) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -320.4 -16.68 TD -0.0029 Tc 0.2124 Tw (field, discovered in 1999 and containing an estimated 400 billion cubic meters \(bcm\) ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0108 Tc 1.8872 Tw (of gas, is scheduled to yield another $20) Tj 216.84 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0044 Tc 1.8494 Tw (30 billion when the South Caucasus gas) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -221.04 -16.8 TD 0.0038 Tc 1.564 Tw (Pipeline \(SCP\) will be completed and will export) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 272.28 0 TD 0.0093 Tc 1.4557 Tw (Azerbaijani gas to the Turkish) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -272.28 -16.68 TD 1.6034 Tw (city of Erzurum, and onwards to Western markets. As the current budget of the) Tj -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0103 Tc 3.3964 Tw (country barely reaches $2 billion, these number are of obvious significance to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0036 Tc 1.5486 Tw (Azerbaijan. 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In this context, the creation of the State Oil Fund,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 238 0 obj 7573 endobj 239 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 233 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 240 0 R >> endobj 240 0 obj << /Length 241 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 491.16 791.52 10.68 14.52 re h W n BT 491.16 794.88 TD -0.0077 Tc 0 Tw (63) Tj ET Q q 501.84 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.84 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD -0.0143 Tc 1.5439 Tw (examined in detail below, clearly is a crucial element in avoiding the most direct) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0085 Tc 2.3165 Tw (effects of the Dutch Disease. 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Tj 237 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -243.12 -22.8 TD -0.0701 Tc 0 Tw (Secondly) Tj 47.88 0 TD 0.0499 Tc -0.025 Tw (, ) Tj 7.8 0 TD -0.007 Tc 1.5319 Tw (and related to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 78.6 0 TD -0.0509 Tc 0 Tw (this) Tj 19.44 0 TD 0.0499 Tc (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 4.68 0 TD -0.0931 Tc -0.0019 Tw (is ) Tj 12.96 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the ) Tj 21.12 0 TD 0.0047 Tc 1.4003 Tw (possibility of a) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 84 0 TD -0.0033 Tc 1.4683 Tw (psychological feeling of over) Tj 153.12 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -16.68 TD -0.0065 Tc (confidenc) Tj 50.76 0 TD 0.0114 Tc 3.1815 Tw (e and security in the future) Tj 156.84 0 TD -0.0029 Tc 3.2678 Tw ( developing) Tj 63.24 0 TD 0.007 Tc 3.218 Tw (, which in turn could lead to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -270.84 -16.68 TD -0.0108 Tc 0.5711 Tw (inefficiency and a slow pace of reforms. In short, economists warn that easy access) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0062 Tc 4.5379 Tw (to cash will make the government reluctant to conduct long) Tj 350.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0012 Tc 4.5838 Tw (term economic) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -354.84 -16.68 TD -0.0028 Tc 0.0277 Tw (reforms. ) Tj 47.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -47.04 -22.8 TD -0.0032 Tc 0.5381 Tw (At the same time, it) Tj 106.2 0 TD 0.0093 Tc 0.5642 Tw ( is expected that the national currency, the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 229.08 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0031 Tc 0 Tw (manat) Tj 29.4 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0499 Tc (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.4744 Tw ( will get ever ) Tj -367.8 -16.68 TD 0.0076 Tc 3.5251 Tw (stronger in relation to the U.S. Dollar, and that this could lead to decreased) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0034 Tc 0.9011 Tw (domestic production and in turn hurt the local economy. This tendency, alongside) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0011 Tc 0.4439 Tw (with inflation, has already be) Tj 153.72 0 TD -0.0072 Tc 0.4281 Tw (en observable in Azerbaijan since 2004 and is likely to ) Tj -153.72 -16.68 TD -0.0098 Tc 5.0988 Tw (continue in the future. The stronger) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 220.8 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0209 Tc 0 Tw (manat) Tj 29.52 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0142 Tc 5.1392 Tw ( could also slow down the real) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -250.32 -16.8 TD 0.0039 Tc 0.061 Tw (competitiveness of the local economy and result in higher unemployment.) Tj 386.64 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -386.64 -22.68 TD 0.0015 Tc 0.1915 Tw (The peak of BTC\222s operation and of the general level of) Tj 291.72 0 TD 0.0072 Tc 0.172 Tw ( oil and gas output will take ) Tj -291.72 -16.68 TD 0.0098 Tc 4.2151 Tw (place between 2010) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 112.56 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.24 0 TD 0.0032 Tc 4.2751 Tw (2015, after which oil and gas production will be slowly) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -118.8 -16.8 TD -0.0016 Tc 2.0112 Tw (reducing, effectively coming to an end in 2030, if no other fields are discovered.) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0121 Tc 1.5996 Tw (Economists believe that the slowly diminishing pace of oil producti) Tj 365.64 0 TD 0.0199 Tc 1.6251 Tw (on could also) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -365.64 -16.68 TD 0.0009 Tc 0.9441 Tw (result in a slow down or even reduction of the GDP growth rate. This would also) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0009 Tc 0.0812 Tw (negatively affect the local economy, because the government would have to dip into ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0089 Tc 0.2924 Tw (the accumulated oil fund to sustain the level of spending which existed during ) Tj 413.04 0 TD 0.0034 Tc -0.0984 Tw (peak ) Tj -413.04 -16.8 TD -0.0124 Tc 0.0373 Tw (production years.) Tj 90.36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -90.36 -22.68 TD 0.0015 Tc 0.4034 Tw (Should the accumulated oil revenues not be wisely invested into the diversification ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0081 Tc 2.6362 Tw (of the local economy and should inflation not be kept at minimal levels, these) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0 Tc 0.0483 Tw (pessimistic predictions could become true. ) Tj 222.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -222.84 -37.44 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0121 Tc -0.0179 Tw (BTC\222s impact for the commu) Tj 173.28 0 TD -0.0324 Tc 0 Tw (nities) Tj 32.4 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -205.68 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0098 Tc 1.5402 Tw (BTC is passing through more than a dozen administrative regions in Azerbaijan.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.002 Tc 0.3269 Tw (Most of these are rural areas with agriculture and livestock breeding as the primary ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0055 Tc 6.4194 Tw (economic sectors. During the course of the pipeline\222s construction, many) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0046 Tc -0.0904 Tw (communities ) Tj 73.44 0 TD 0 Tc 2.2064 Tw (in these rural areas have been affected by the pipeline. Most were) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -73.44 -16.8 TD 0.0056 Tc 1.6163 Tw (affected in a positive way, but there have been also reports that the construction) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0055 Tc 0.0741 Tw (works have negatively affected the human and property rights of some citizens.) Tj 414.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -414.84 -22.68 TD -0.0012 Tc 5.3461 Tw (Among the positive impacts) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 171.36 0 TD -0 Tc 5.3291 Tw (of the pipeline, infrastructure and community) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -171.36 -16.8 TD 0.0031 Tc 2.1319 Tw (development are the most often cited. BTC and the SCP, which remains under) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 241 0 obj 7171 endobj 242 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 233 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 243 0 R >> endobj 243 0 obj << /Length 244 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 12 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0158 Tc 0 Tw (64) Tj ET Q q 105.6 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 105.6 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD 0.0017 Tc 4.5166 Tw (construction, are jointly investing $8 million in the Community Investment) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0091 Tc 4.0474 Tw (Program \(CIP\) in Azerbaijan. This program\222s goal is to promo) Tj 362.4 0 TD 0.0129 Tc 3.972 Tw (te sustainable) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -362.4 -16.8 TD -0.0071 Tc 0.832 Tw (economic and social development in the country with projects in the fields mainly) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0072 Tc 3.3388 Tw (of health awareness, social infrastructure and agricultural development, and to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0 Tc 0.8046 Tw (promote income generation opportunities. For instance, in the village of Sitalc) Tj 414.72 0 TD 0.0264 Tc -0.0014 Tw (hay, ) Tj -414.72 -16.68 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.56 Tw (people complained about the lack of water. British Petroleum, the main operator of) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0106 Tc 5.0944 Tw (BTC, then built a water pipeline to the village. Other cases involved the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0014 Tc 1.4064 Tw (rehabilitation of local schools, roads, hospitals, electricity and sewage lines, water) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.011 Tc 0.036 Tw (canals ) Tj 41.04 0 TD 0.0019 Tc 5.9716 Tw (and irrigation pipes, construction of kindergartens and playgrounds,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -41.04 -16.68 TD 0.0053 Tc 0.7663 Tw (development of sustainable communication and energy lines, creation of economic) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0035 Tc 5.8481 Tw (opportunities through both training and technical assistance. One can cite) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0052 Tc 1.0278 Tw (thousands of such kind of cases.) Tj 171.72 0 TD 0.0136 Tc 1.0056 Tw ( The implementing partners for these projects are) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -171.72 -16.8 TD 0.0036 Tc 7.2064 Tw (the international NGOs \223Save the Children\224, \223The International Rescue) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0043 Tc 9.5949 Tw (Committee\224, \223The International Medical Corps\224, \223The Foundation for) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0059 Tc 0.4091 Tw (International Community Assistance\224 together with their local NGO par) Tj 387.48 0 TD 0.0143 Tc 0.1307 Tw (tners. All ) Tj -387.48 -16.8 TD 0.0083 Tc 4.7294 Tw (the partnering organizations have been selected by means of a Request for) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0109 Tc 0.1408 Tw (Proposals with special attention to relevant skills and experience.) Tj 339.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -339.6 -22.8 TD 0.0028 Tc 3.4322 Tw (Besides these programs, in order to make sure that BTC has direct, tangible,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0064 Tc 3.9914 Tw (immediate and sustainable) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 153.48 0 TD 0.003 Tc 3.862 Tw (impact on the community, BTC has implemented) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -153.48 -16.68 TD 0.004 Tc 2.496 Tw (various community development and mobilization projects. These projects have) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.001 Tc 2.366 Tw (been aimed at increasing the sense of initiative, activity, community belonging,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0026 Tc 2.4619 Tw (ownership and organization among the residents of the) Tj 303.96 0 TD -0.0053 Tc 2.4703 Tw ( communities where the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -303.96 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 0.1528 Tw (pipeline passes. This, in turn, would help not only to empower the communities for ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0103 Tc 0.2752 Tw (the long) Tj 42.6 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0171 Tc 0.1279 Tw (term period, but also to involve the communities into the protection of the ) Tj -46.8 -16.68 TD -0.0028 Tc 2.3345 Tw (pipeline, as they would feel responsibility and ownership of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 355.68 0 TD -0.0068 Tc 2.4318 Tw (pipeline. Many) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -355.68 -16.8 TD -0.0052 Tc 5.4602 Tw (vocational education opportunities and micro) Tj 257.52 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0037 Tc 5.4687 Tw (enterprise initiatives were also) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -261.72 -16.68 TD -0.0344 Tc 0 Tw (created.) Tj 40.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -40.2 -22.68 TD 0.0094 Tc 0.367 Tw (In order to further increase the positive impact of the BTC pipeline on community ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0 Tc 0.559 Tw (life, BP has planned to launch a new Regional Development Initiative \(RD) Tj 396.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0.2707 Tw (I\). This ) Tj -396.24 -16.68 TD 0.0094 Tc 1.8701 Tw (initiative will support the economic development of the BTC host countries but) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0072 Tc 3.6322 Tw (will also aim at targeting those areas and communities where BTC does not) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0021 Tc 0.2629 Tw (physically pass \(beyond the 4 km corridor.\) The European Bank for Reconstruction ) Tj T* -0.0245 Tc 0.5294 Tw (and Developme) Tj 82.44 0 TD 0.0104 Tc 0.393 Tw (nt \(EBRD\) and BP have each earmarked up to $25 million in grants ) Tj -82.44 -16.8 TD -0.0086 Tc 1.1636 Tw (and loans for this initiative with other members of the BTC consortium expected) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0161 Tc 1.3096 Tw (to join with further funding up to $100 million. The initiative will be launched in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0186 Tc 0 Tw (mid) Tj 20.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0075 Tc (2005.) Tj 25.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -49.92 -22.68 TD -0 Tc 0.5055 Tw (Alongside with th) Tj 95.28 0 TD -0.0036 Tc 0.4085 Tw (e positive impacts of BTC on the lives of communities, local and ) Tj -95.28 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 0.1447 Tw (international human rights organizations have drawn attention to the ) Tj 366.72 0 TD -0.0132 Tc 0.1581 Tw (problems and ) Tj -366.72 -16.8 TD -0.024 Tc 2.089 Tw (conflicts in) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 65.16 0 TD 0.0069 Tc 1.938 Tw (the construction process. Primarily, this related to the acquisition of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -65.16 -16.68 TD -0.0176 Tc 1.0826 Tw (land and employment poli) Tj 139.8 0 TD -0.0107 Tc 1.0317 Tw (cies. The construction of BTC takes up a 32 meter wide) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 244 0 obj 6740 endobj 245 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 233 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 246 0 R >> endobj 246 0 obj << /Length 247 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 490.92 791.52 10.8 14.52 re h W n BT 490.92 794.88 TD -0.0226 Tc 0 Tw (65) Tj ET Q q 501.72 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.72 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD -0.0016 Tc 4.2566 Tw (land corridor for temporary usage with further plans to return the land for) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0067 Tc 0.3083 Tw (agriculture and grazing. 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In some areas, local authorities have) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0032 Tc 0.8789 Tw (illegally purchased or forced people to give up their lands in order to avoid paying) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0125 Tc 0.4325 Tw (compensation. The most common practices in these cases have been t) Tj 366.36 0 TD -0.0065 Tc 0.2714 Tw (he transfer of ) Tj -366.36 -16.68 TD -0.0122 Tc 0.4291 Tw (private lands into the hands of municipal councils, which would then end up in the ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0015 Tc 2.2326 Tw (hands of the local mayor. In other cases, the land acquisition process has taken) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.008 Tc 0.7697 Tw (place too quickly, leaving people unaware of their rights and unprotected fro) Tj 406.08 0 TD 0.0221 Tc 0.4229 Tw (m the ) Tj -406.08 -16.8 TD -0.0069 Tc 0.0918 Tw (harassment of local authorities. ) Tj 166.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -166.2 -22.68 TD -0.0008 Tc 6.8791 Tw (Furthermore, local residents, employed at the construction of BTC have) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 2.4243 Tw (complained of being) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 115.8 0 TD -0.0083 Tc 2.5082 Tw (mistreated in terms of labor rights and medical treatment.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -115.8 -16.8 TD 0.0074 Tc 1.0309 Tw (According to the legal and regulatory frameworks that govern BTC,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 368.76 0 TD 0.0161 Tc 0.0089 Tw (governments ) Tj -368.76 -16.68 TD -0.0011 Tc 0.666 Tw (are primarily responsible for the maintenance of law and order,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 338.64 0 TD 0.0027 Tc 0.6223 Tw (and for the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 62.04 0 TD -0.0099 Tc 0.1548 Tw (respect ) Tj -400.68 -16.8 TD -0.0019 Tc 0.9223 Tw (for human rights and security. Yet energy companies are also tasked to make sure) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0022 Tc 3.0689 Tw (that the human rights of local residents are protected. BTC Co. has taken an) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0125 Tc 0 Tw (ob) Tj 12.72 0 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.8694 Tw (ligation to protect the rights of the employees and contractors according to both) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -12.72 -16.8 TD 0.0012 Tc 0.4317 Tw (national legislation and the international conventions that Azerbaijan, Georgia and ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0078 Tc 4.0971 Tw (Turkey are party to.) Tj 117.48 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf 0.0517 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj 2.52 -5.52 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.005 Tc 4.1133 Tw ( BTC Co. and the three host countries reiterated their) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -120 -16.68 TD 0.0169 Tc 0.3081 Tw (commitment to ) Tj 85.56 0 TD 0.0008 Tc 0.6442 Tw (the respect of human rights in a joint statement signed on May 16,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -85.56 -16.8 TD -0.0052 Tc 2.144 Tw (2003 in which they highlighted their intention to make BTC a model project in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0059 Tc 0.0191 Tw (terms of respect for human rights. ) Tj 181.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -181.08 -22.8 TD 0 Tc 7.6783 Tw (Despite these commitments, the local media, NGOs and human rights) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0421 Tc 0 Tw (organizat) Tj 48.96 0 TD 0.003 Tc 2.8299 Tw (ions have regularly reported on cases of mistreatment at work. These) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -48.96 -16.68 TD -0.0018 Tc 0.9508 Tw (cases included denial of medical compensation for employees hurt during working) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0029 Tc 4.725 Tw (hours, prevention of attempts to organize labor unions,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 327.24 0 TD -0.0806 Tc -0.0144 Tw (and ) Tj 26.76 0 TD -0.0105 Tc 0 Tw (discrimination.) Tj 79.8 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf -0.0484 Tc (2) Tj 3.24 -5.52 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -16.68 TD -0.0017 Tc 1.5386 Tw (Although these cases did not ) Tj 1.4928 Tc 0 Tw (p) Tj 166.68 0 TD 0.0108 Tc 1.4713 Tw (revent or prolong the construction of the pipeline,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -166.68 -16.8 TD -0.0073 Tc 2.3123 Tw (they have) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 58.56 0 TD 0.0127 Tc 2.2922 Tw (affected the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 68.88 0 TD 0.0016 Tc 2.3548 Tw (image of multinational oil companies among the general) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -127.44 -16.68 TD 0.0082 Tc 0.7868 Tw (public. Most importantly, the construction of BTC has become a process in which) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0046 Tc 0.1918 Tw (many local residents and employees of the proj) Tj 245.4 0 TD -0.0066 Tc 0.1966 Tw (ect do not feel their voices are heard. ) Tj -245.4 -16.8 TD 0.0035 Tc 1.9087 Tw (The feeling of powerlessness and lack of voice dominates the local communities) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -23.52 TD ( ) Tj 93.6 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 64.8 152.4 144 0.6 re f BT 208.8 149.76 TD ( ) Tj -144 -16.44 TD /F0 6 Tf -0.042 Tc 0 Tw (1) Tj 1.8 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf 0 Tc 0.048 Tw ( ) Tj 3.6 0 TD /F0 9.96 Tf -0.002 Tc 1.575 Tw (This applies to Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the UN Convention Against Torture and) Tj 0 Tc 0.0499 Tw ( ) Tj -5.4 -11.64 TD 0.0029 Tc 2.3917 Tw (other in Cruel Human or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the European Convention for the) Tj 0 Tc -0.0701 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -11.64 TD 0.0109 Tc 0.5019 Tw (Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Internatio) Tj 288.24 0 TD 0.0179 Tc 0.368 Tw (nal Convention on the Elimination ) Tj -288.24 -11.64 TD 0.0103 Tc 2.8522 Tw (of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the UN Basic Principles on the use of firearms by Law) Tj 0 Tc -0.0701 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -11.64 TD 0.0069 Tc 0.0892 Tw (Enforcement Officials, the UN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials and many others.) Tj 411.36 0 TD /F0 9 Tf 0 Tc 0.048 Tw ( ) Tj -411.36 -6.84 TD /F0 6 Tf -0.054 Tc 0 Tw (2) Tj 2.4 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf -0.007 Tc 0.463 Tw ( Eg. \223Foreign Oil Companies Accused) Tj 144.84 0 TD 0.0009 Tc 0.2871 Tw ( of Rights Violations\224, ) Tj 88.68 0 TD /F3 9 Tf -0.02 Tc 0.398 Tw (Baku Today) Tj 42.6 0 TD /F0 9 Tf -0.0088 Tc 0.4168 Tw (, 30 April 2005; Kathleen Williams, \223BTC ) Tj -278.52 -10.56 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.0213 Tw (Project Plagued by Human Rights Abuse Claims\224, ) Tj 191.64 0 TD /F3 9 Tf 0.0012 Tc 0.0168 Tw (Trade & Forfeiting Review) Tj 93.96 0 TD /F0 9 Tf -0.0175 Tc 0.0655 Tw (, 22 April 2005.) 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With the help of the UN, the Azerbaijani) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0042 Tc 1.7553 Tw (government since 2003 developed and started to implement the state program on) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0013 Tc 1.3887 Tw (\223poverty reduction and economic opportunities.\224 The IMF has been) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 369.72 0 TD -0.0039 Tc -0.2111 Tw (instrumental ) Tj -369.72 -16.68 TD -0.0902 Tc -0.0048 Tw (in ) Tj 17.28 0 TD -0.0215 Tc 3.6464 Tw (working with) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 81 0 TD 0.0036 Tc 3.5356 Tw (the Azerbaijani government to establish an annual reporting) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -98.28 -16.8 TD -0.0031 Tc 1.5981 Tw (system of the executive branch of the government in the National Parliament as) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 0.3127 Tw (well as transferring the primary decision) Tj 213.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.2392 Tw (making role over the State Oil Fund from ) Tj -217.68 -16.68 TD 0.0246 Tc 2.2803 Tw (the ) Tj 2.2694 Tc 0 Tw (P) Tj 29.4 0 TD -0.0044 Tc 2.3334 Tw (resident into the hands of the Parliament. Other foreign and international) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -29.4 -16.8 TD 0.0081 Tc 0.2768 Tw (organizations, such as USAID, the World Bank, the Organization for Security and ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0096 Tc 3.1714 Tw (Cooperation in Europe \(OSCE\), the Open Society Institute and many others,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0155 Tc 0.5294 Tw (continue their activities t) Tj 132.6 0 TD -0.0135 Tc 0.5985 Tw (o develop and empower the local NGO and media sectors) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -132.6 -16.68 TD -0.0106 Tc 1.901 Tw (so that they will play a more active role in the decision) Tj 304.92 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD -0.0041 Tc 1.8891 Tw (making and governance) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -309.36 -16.68 TD -0.0412 Tc 0 Tw (process.) Tj 40.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -40.92 -22.8 TD 0.0078 Tc 1.8771 Tw (Yet, none of these improvements and reforms in the political sector are directly) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.003 Tc 0.1819 Tw (driven from BTC or other oil and) Tj 176.4 0 TD 0.0106 Tc 0.1343 Tw ( gas projects. In fact, ) Tj 111.12 0 TD -0.0052 Tc -0.2098 Tw (oppositional ) Tj 67.32 0 TD -0 Tc 0.1456 Tw (advocates argue ) Tj -354.84 -16.8 TD 0.0193 Tc 2.9337 Tw (that ongoing oil and gas projects) Tj 183 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 6.12 0 TD 0.0062 Tc 2.9588 Tw (seem to be having a negative impact on the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -189.12 -16.68 TD 0.006 Tc 0.499 Tw (development of democracy and human rights in the country. After the presidential) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0026 Tc 3.4276 Tw (elections in 2003, many opposition figures an) Tj 253.2 0 TD -0.0039 Tc 3.4488 Tw (d NGO activists accused foreign) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -253.2 -16.8 TD -0.0019 Tc 1.7614 Tw (countries and multinational oil companies of closing their eyes to electoral fraud) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0018 Tc 3.0995 Tw (and supporting the authoritarian regime in the name of stability and security.) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0413 Tc 0 Tw (F) Tj 7.08 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 5.3901 Tw (oreign powers and powerful energy companies are) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 301.32 0 TD 0.0127 Tc 0.2523 Tw (primarily ) Tj 57.96 0 TD -0.1021 Tc 0 Tw (int) Tj 14.76 0 TD 0.0181 Tc 5.4068 Tw (erested in) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -381.12 -16.8 TD 0.0048 Tc 0.1402 Tw (preserving ) Tj 62.52 0 TD -0.0965 Tc 0 Tw (long) Tj 22.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0019 Tc -0.2131 Tw (term ) Tj 32.28 0 TD 0.0121 Tc 4.2529 Tw (stability in the country in order to ensure the smooth) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -121.68 -16.68 TD 0.0112 Tc 0.9909 Tw (continuation of the oil and gas projects. This) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 244.08 0 TD 0 Tc 1.0443 Tw (implies that energy companies work) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -244.08 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 3.1856 Tw (with the government of the country, which they clearly have no influence in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0038 Tc 0 Tw (determining) Tj 64.08 0 TD 0.0499 Tc -0.025 Tw (. ) Tj 11.16 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0496 Tw (Indeed, ) Tj 46.68 0 TD 0.0179 Tc 4.8071 Tw (during th) Tj 53.52 0 TD -0.0052 Tc 4.8473 Tw (e past decade the oil companies operating in) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -175.44 -16.68 TD -0.0061 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 56.76 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 8.2512 Tw ( have developed strong partnership ties with the Azerbaijani) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -56.76 -16.8 TD -0.0068 Tc 0.9372 Tw (government and have little incentives to finance opposition parties or civil society) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0087 Tc 0.0508 Tw (groups in order not to risk their co) Tj 178.92 0 TD -0.0065 Tc 0.1001 Tw (ntracts and business ties with the government. ) Tj 246 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -424.92 -22.8 TD 0.0076 Tc 1.0334 Tw (In the final analysis, there is no substantiation for the assertion that oil has had a) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0023 Tc 0.6672 Tw (negative effect on the political development of Azerbaijan. Neither can it be stated) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0076 Tc 0.5366 Tw (that its influence has been positive) Tj 182.64 0 TD -0.009 Tc 0.5619 Tw ( on the political system. What is clear is that oil) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj -182.64 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 4.8975 Tw (has been instrumental in helping Azerbaijan build a functioning state with) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0056 Tc 7.2944 Tw (governmental institutions that work considerably better than states with) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0235 Tc 1.6084 Tw (comparable socio) Tj 90.48 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0123 Tc 1.5973 Tw (economic situations, such as Georgia an) Tj 215.16 0 TD 0.0045 Tc 1.5004 Tw (d Kyrgyzstan. As argue) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -309.96 -16.68 TD 0.0148 Tc 0.2368 Tw (among other by Francis Fukuyama in his recent book ) Tj 283.56 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf -0.004 Tc 0 Tw (State) Tj 24.84 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0166 Tc (Building) Tj 40.68 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.1421 Tc 0.1229 Tw (, t) Tj 10.8 0 TD -0.0202 Tc 0 Tw (he) Tj 12.24 0 TD 0.0074 Tc 0.1776 Tw ( building of ) Tj -376.32 -16.68 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.6026 Tw (functioning state institutions is a sine qua non for long) Tj 290.88 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0117 Tc 0.4133 Tw (term political development ) Tj -295.08 -16.8 TD -0.0075 Tc 2.9844 Tw (and durable democracy. In this sense, time will determine what th) Tj 373.8 0 TD -0.0829 Tc 3.1079 Tw (e long) Tj 34.08 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0281 Tc -0.1231 Tw (term ) Tj -412.08 -16.68 TD -0.005 Tc 0.0299 Tw (effect of oil on Azerbaijan has been.) Tj 186.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 257 0 obj 7951 endobj 258 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 252 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 259 0 R >> endobj 259 0 obj << /Length 260 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 489.96 791.52 11.76 14.52 re h W n BT 489.96 794.88 TD -0.0293 Tc 0 Tw (69) Tj ET Q q 501.72 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.72 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD 0 Tc 0.9845 Tw (On another note) Tj 88.08 0 TD 0.0092 Tc 0.8957 Tw (, the cooling of official Washington\222s attitude to Azerbaijan since) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -88.08 -16.68 TD 0.0114 Tc 3.7336 Tw (the 2003 elections tends to disprove the thesis that oil takes precedence over) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0134 Tc 0.3915 Tw (democracy. Indeed, the completion of the BTC) Tj 248.16 0 TD -0.0029 Tc 0.3878 Tw ( pipeline seems to have altered little ) Tj -248.16 -16.68 TD 0.0196 Tc 0.4254 Tw (in the dista) Tj 58.92 0 TD -0.0035 Tc 0.4212 Tw (nce between Washington and Baku that developed after Fall 2003, when ) Tj -58.92 -16.8 TD -0.0094 Tc 2.1398 Tw (U.S. policy warmed up considerably to Georgia while maintaining a distance to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0019 Tc 3.6681 Tw (Azerbaijan, in spite of the strong strategic interests tha) Tj 314.52 0 TD 0.0019 Tc 3.6471 Tw (t the U.S. has in the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -314.52 -16.68 TD 0.0076 Tc 2.0933 Tw (country, best illustrated by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld\222s three visits to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0404 Tc 0.1853 Tw (Baku in as many years.) Tj 120.72 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -120.72 -37.44 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0116 Tc -0.0584 Tw (The State Oil Fund) Tj 114.12 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -114.12 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0085 Tc 2.9734 Tw (The increasing amount of oil revenues as well as the recommendations of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0089 Tc 5.8961 Tw (international financial institution) Tj 186.84 0 TD 0.0038 Tc 5.9011 Tw (s resulted in the Azerbaijani government\222s) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -186.84 -16.8 TD 0.0022 Tc 0.5213 Tw (decision in December 1999 to establish a State Oil Fund of the Azerbaijan Republic) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.005 Tc 4.266 Tw (\(SOFAR\). \(decree # 240 signed by President Heydar Aliyev\). The statutory) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0145 Tc 1.3755 Tw (regulations of SOFAR were approved on December 29, 2000.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 331.2 0 TD -0.0023 Tc 1.4673 Tw (Mr. Samir Sharifov) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj -331.2 -16.68 TD 0.001 Tc 3.9076 Tw (was appointed as the executive director of SOFAR, reporting directly to the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0231 Tc 0 Tw (President.) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -52.44 -22.8 TD -0.0079 Tc 1.4292 Tw (SOFAR was a new institution in Azerbaijan\222s political and economic history and) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0158 Tc 1.9172 Tw (required a great deal of care in its establishment and management. Prio) Tj 389.4 0 TD 0.0163 Tc 1.7486 Tw (r to this,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -389.4 -16.68 TD -0.009 Tc 1.164 Tw (Azerbaijan never had an experience with the receipt of large amounts of revenues) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0104 Tc 0.0953 Tw (during a short period of time, or with managing these revenues.) Tj 331.56 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -331.56 -22.68 TD 0 Tc 3.5371 Tw (SOFAR\222s main goal was to accumulate the oil revenues from the Production) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0031 Tc 1.4219 Tw (Sharing Agreements signed ) Tj 1.4928 Tc 0 Tw (w) Tj 161.04 0 TD 0 Tc 1.3963 Tw (ith foreign energy companies, and invest them into) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -161.04 -16.68 TD -0.0324 Tc 0 Tw (interest) Tj 39.48 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0081 Tc 0.1969 Tw (generating bonds and stocks. At the same time, SOFAR serves as a tool for ) Tj -43.68 -16.68 TD 0.002 Tc 0.9229 Tw (the prevention of inflation, as a result of massive oil cash inflow into the national) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0035 Tc 2.6315 Tw (economy and subsequent excessive spe) Tj 212.52 0 TD -0.0105 Tc 2.6069 Tw (nding that would be likely if the money) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -212.52 -16.68 TD -0.0047 Tc 1.6197 Tw (went straight into the state budget. Finally, SOFAR\222s funds are considered as an) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0008 Tc 1.4767 Tw (investment opportunity for the domestic economic and social projects in order to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0108 Tc 0.0141 Tw (diversify the economy.) Tj 120 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -120 -22.68 TD -0.0071 Tc 0.1821 Tw (SOFAR\222s primary sources of inco) Tj 176.76 0 TD -0 Tc 0.1451 Tw (me are generated from bonus payments, royalties, ) Tj -176.76 -16.8 TD -0.0067 Tc 1.1374 Tw (revenues from the sale of crude oil and gas, rental and transit fees, revenues from) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0034 Tc 1.7684 Tw (the joint activities with foreign companies, revenues from investments and from) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.003 Tc 0.628 Tw (the sale of assets. The accumulated revenue) Tj 229.92 0 TD -0.0073 Tc 0.6803 Tw (s are kept offshore with internationally) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -229.92 -16.8 TD -0.0099 Tc 0.1206 Tw (recognized and reputable financial institutions and fund managers.) Tj 348 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -348 -22.68 TD 0.0052 Tc 2.8298 Tw (SOFAR has been proudly mentioned as one of the most transparent and non) Tj 432.84 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.84 -16.8 TD 0.0059 Tc 0.3027 Tw (corrupt institutions of the government. From the first day of its operation,) Tj 391.2 0 TD 0.0031 Tc 0.2019 Tw ( SOFAR ) Tj -391.2 -16.68 TD -0.0047 Tc 2.1496 Tw (has been transparent with the local media and NGO sectors about its revenues,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0086 Tc 3.4775 Tw (earned interests and expenditures. This information has been shared with the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0033 Tc 3.3067 Tw (public both through SOFAR\222s web site and regular press) Tj 320.16 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0042 Tc 3.3208 Tw (conferences, and the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 260 0 obj 6265 endobj 261 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 252 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 262 0 R >> endobj 262 0 obj << /Length 263 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 11.64 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD -0.0432 Tc 0 Tw (70) Tj ET Q q 105.24 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 105.24 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD -0.0025 Tc 1.7075 Tw (publication of rep) Tj 95.28 0 TD 0.006 Tc 1.744 Tw (orts. SOFAR\222s key principles of operation are its independence) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -95.28 -16.68 TD 0.0058 Tc 5.8092 Tw (from the accounts of the National Bank or the Ministry of Finance; its) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0017 Tc 0.6766 Tw (disconnection from the state budget; additional elements include close supervision,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0085 Tc 0.0165 Tw (tax exemption, prudency and transparen) Tj 211.08 0 TD 0.0864 Tc 0 Tw (cy.) Tj 15.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -226.32 -22.8 TD -0 Tc 4.165 Tw (SOFAR has also enthusiastically used the services of local and international) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0049 Tc 1.5001 Tw (auditors. The Parliamentary Chamber of Accounts, the supreme audit institution) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0016 Tc 0.9833 Tw (of the country, is responsible for the regular auditing of SOFAR\222s activity. At the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 0.9852 Tw (same time, ) Tj 0.9542 Tc 0 Tw (t) Tj 65.88 0 TD -0.0031 Tc 1.0361 Tw (he international auditing firm Ernst & Young has conducted an audit) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -65.88 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 0.1871 Tw (of SOFAR\222s activity for three years in a row, and reached the following conclusion: ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.049 Tc 0 Tw (\223) Tj 5.4 0 TD 0.0068 Tc 1.2618 Tw (We have audited the accompanying statements of financial position of the State) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -5.4 -16.8 TD 0.0023 Tc 0.9826 Tw (Oil Fund of) Tj 63.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 4.08 0 TD -0.0017 Tc 1.1066 Tw (the Republic) Tj 66.24 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 1.0213 Tw ( of Azerbaijan \(the \223Fund\224\) as of December 31) Tj 248.04 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0343 Tc 0.9506 Tw ( 2003) Tj 25.92 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0.0406 Tc 1.0256 Tw ( and) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -414 -16.68 TD 0.0514 Tc 0 Tw (2002) Tj 22.2 0 TD 0.0499 Tc (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0.0032 Tc 0.6281 Tw ( and the related) Tj 81.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.84 0 TD -0.0029 Tc 0.6729 Tw (statements of financial performance changes in net assets and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -111 -16.8 TD 0.0238 Tc 0.6251 Tw (cash flows for the years then) Tj 153 0 TD 0.011 Tc 0.614 Tw ( ended..) Tj 40.8 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.84 0 TD -0 Tc 0.7256 Tw (We conducted our audits in accordance with) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -200.76 -16.68 TD 0.0108 Tc 3.4142 Tw (International Standards on Auditi) Tj 188.16 0 TD 0.0081 Tc 3.4369 Tw (ng issued by) Tj 71.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 6.36 0 TD 0.0249 Tc 3.3601 Tw (the Internati) Tj 69.48 0 TD 0.0097 Tc 3.3753 Tw (onal Federation of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -335.28 -16.68 TD -0.0215 Tc 0 Tw (Accountants\205.) Tj 78.48 0 TD 0.0045 Tc 2.1805 Tw (In our opinion) Tj 79.8 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0012 Tc 2.2009 Tw ( the financial statements referred to above present) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj -161.4 -16.8 TD -0.0176 Tc 2.2426 Tw (fairly in all material) Tj 110.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 5.16 0 TD 0.0031 Tc 2.0752 Tw (respects the financial position of the Fund at December 31) Tj 318.24 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -16.68 TD 0.0343 Tc 0 Tw (2003) Tj 21.84 0 TD 0.0499 Tc (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0119 Tc 0.013 Tw ( and 2002) Tj 47.52 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0202 Tc 0.0448 Tw ( and the results) Tj 79.32 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0243 Tc 0.0606 Tw (of its financial) Tj 75.6 0 TD 0.0153 Tc 0.0697 Tw ( performance and its cash flows for the ) Tj -233.64 -16.8 TD 0.0047 Tc 4.1723 Tw (years then ended in conformity with) Tj 211.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 7.32 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 4.1362 Tw (International Public Sector Accounting) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -219.24 -16.68 TD 0.0157 Tc 0.0265 Tw (Standards issued by the Public Sector Committee of) Tj 272.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0033 Tc 0.0816 Tw (the International Federation of ) Tj -275.64 -16.68 TD -0.015 Tc 0 Tw (Accountant) Tj 61.08 0 TD 0.0494 Tc (.\224) Tj 8.76 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -69.84 -22.8 TD -0.0023 Tc 6.0272 Tw (In order to further increase the transparency) Tj 267.48 0 TD 0.0097 Tc 5.9853 Tw ( of SOFAR, the Azerbaijani) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -267.48 -16.68 TD 0.0084 Tc 1.4965 Tw (government has decided to join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0022 Tc 3.4232 Tw (\(EITI\), an international initiative by British Prime Minister Tony Blair. 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Azerbaijan became the first participant of the EITI to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -35.76 -16.8 TD 0.0009 Tc 2.34 Tw (disclose the transparency initiative report, and several multinational oil and gas) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0064 Tc 0.6859 Tw (companies operating in the country have promised to fully disclose their monetary) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0029 Tc 0.0821 Tw (transfers into the) Tj 89.76 0 TD 0.012 Tc 0.013 Tw ( Azerbaijani government.) Tj 133.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -222.84 -22.68 TD 0.0084 Tc 1.0032 Tw (Despite the general transparency of SOFAR, local and international organizations) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0011 Tc 0.8832 Tw (continue to express their concerns about the safety of the oil funds and their most) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0055 Tc 2.0145 Tw (effective usage. The IMF and other international organizations rec) Tj 363.36 0 TD 0.0075 Tc 1.9375 Tw (ommended to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -363.36 -16.68 TD 0.0047 Tc 2.6603 Tw (the Azerbaijani government that the role of the primary decision) Tj 361.2 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD 0 Tc 2.6649 Tw (maker of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -365.64 -16.8 TD 0.0132 Tc 6.11 Tw (SOFAR be passed from the President of the country to the Parliament.) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0016 Tc 1.7633 Tw (Additionally, local economists worry that in spite of SOFAR\222s transparency, the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0084 Tc 0.8566 Tw (funds transferred) Tj 90.96 0 TD 0 Tc 0.8752 Tw ( from SOFAR into the state budget for public goods and services) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -90.96 -16.8 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.4201 Tw (will be subjected to corruption and embezzlement. There is little public \(media and ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.003 Tc 2.8098 Tw (NGO\) control or monitoring over these funds. The local NGO \223Public Funds) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 263 0 obj 7904 endobj 264 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 252 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R /F6 36 0 R /F8 209 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 265 0 R >> endobj 265 0 obj << /Length 266 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 492.36 791.52 9.48 14.52 re h W n BT 492.36 794.88 TD -0.0024 Tc 0 Tw (71) Tj ET Q q 501.84 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.84 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD 0.0199 Tc 1.2291 Tw (Monitoring Center and the Open Soci) Tj 205.92 0 TD 0.029 Tc 1.3159 Tw (ety Institute) Tj 66.12 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0008 Tc 1.3458 Tw (initiated and funded \223Caspian) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -276.24 -16.68 TD 0.0132 Tc 0.8887 Tw (Revenue Watch\224 project have so far been the only initiatives from civil society to) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0145 Tc 0.0694 Tw (monitor oil and gas revenues.) Tj 153.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -153.24 -28.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0083 Tc 0.0215 Tw (Strategy on the use of oil revenues) Tj 161.64 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -161.64 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0013 Tc 0.8157 Tw (By January 1, 2003, SOFAR had accumulated $690 million. By mid) Tj 352.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0226 Tc 0.7224 Tw (2005, the figure) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -356.76 -16.8 TD 0.0018 Tc 0.4956 Tw (exceeded $1 billion. The lion\222s share of these funds has come from the sale of crude ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0021 Tc 5.4884 Tw (oil \(Azerbaijan\222s share in PSAs\) and bonus payments. There is a general) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0035 Tc 1.8748 Tw (understanding among the Azerbaijani political leadership that the revenues from) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.1114 Tc 0 Tw (th) Tj 11.16 0 TD -0.0008 Tc 0.6943 Tw (e oil contracts will be accumulated in the SOFAR and later be used for domestic) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -11.16 -16.68 TD 0.0084 Tc 3.3466 Tw (projects, aimed at the development of the economy\222s non) Tj 323.28 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0112 Tc 3.3138 Tw (oil sector. President) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -327.48 -16.68 TD 0.0099 Tc 0.386 Tw (Ilham Aliyev, Minister of Economic Development Farkhad Aliyev, and other state ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0066 Tc 0.9784 Tw (officials have repe) Tj 96.48 0 TD -0.0066 Tc 1.0316 Tw (atedly made statements to that effect at official and non) Tj 299.4 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0196 Tc -0.1146 Tw (official ) Tj -400.08 -16.68 TD -0.018 Tc 0 Tw (gatherings.) Tj 57.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -57.6 -22.8 TD 0.006 Tc 4.9498 Tw (Yet, up to this moment, the Azerbaijani government has pursued a rather) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0052 Tc 2.4782 Tw (conservative policy regarding this issue, not spending much of the accumulated) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0137 Tc 0.0413 Tw (funds. The President has i) Tj 136.8 0 TD 0.0071 Tc 0.0538 Tw (ssued decrees for the allocation of 675 billion AZM \(more ) Tj -136.8 -16.8 TD -0.0094 Tc 4.8125 Tw (than $135 million\) for the improvement of social and living conditions and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0029 Tc 0.2956 Tw (construction of housing for refugees and internally displaced persons, as well as the ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 3.5535 Tw (financing of Azerbaijan\222s share in th) Tj 207.36 0 TD 0.0044 Tc 3.5246 Tw (e BTC project. Furthermore, another 500) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -207.36 -16.68 TD 0.0013 Tc 0.8037 Tw (billion AZM \(more than $100 million\) were transferred into the state budget. This) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0049 Tc 1.5001 Tw (conservative policy is often encouraged by the international financial institutions) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0163 Tc 0.4287 Tw (that are afraid of the collapse of the macroeconom) Tj 263.76 0 TD -0.0018 Tc 0.4668 Tw (ic stability and low inflation rate ) Tj -263.76 -16.68 TD -0.001 Tc 0.7859 Tw (by too much cash input into the national economy. This fear is well shared by the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.007 Tc 0.112 Tw (local economists and politicians.) Tj 168.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -168.48 -22.8 TD 0.0066 Tc 1.4768 Tw (In order to further develop Azerbaijan\222s strategy on the utilization of oil and gas) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0096 Tc 3.2554 Tw (revenues, President) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 111.48 0 TD 0.0159 Tc 3.2641 Tw (Ilham Aliyev on September 27, 2004 signed a Presidential) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -111.48 -16.8 TD -0.0325 Tc 0.6574 Tw (decree on \223the long) Tj 101.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0 Tc 0.5534 Tw (term strategy on the management of the oil and gas revenues.\224) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -105.84 -16.68 TD -0.0015 Tc 0.1636 Tw (This decree defines the management of the oil and gas revenues for the period 2005) Tj 432.72 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -16.68 TD 0.0144 Tc 0.2746 Tw (2025 and proposes that the revenue) Tj 181.2 0 TD 0.0098 Tc 0.2551 Tw (s from oil and gas contracts be used in the future ) Tj -181.2 -16.8 TD -0.0181 Tc 0.083 Tw (for the following areas:) Tj 120.72 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -102.72 -22.68 TD /F8 12.48 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 7.56 0 TD /F6 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0106 Tw ( ) Tj 10.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0169 Tc 0.0081 Tw (development of non) Tj 104.4 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0013 Tc 0.1063 Tw (oil sector; regions; small and medium businesses) Tj 252.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -378.72 -22.8 TD /F8 12.48 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 7.56 0 TD /F6 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0106 Tw ( ) Tj 10.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0211 Tc 0 Tw (large) Tj 25.32 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0643 Tw (scale development of infrastructure) Tj 184.32 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -231.96 -22.68 TD /F8 12.48 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 7.56 0 TD /F6 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0106 Tw ( ) Tj 10.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.084 Tw (implementation of poverty reduction measures and other social projects) Tj 373.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -391.44 -22.68 TD /F8 12.48 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 7.56 0 TD /F6 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0106 Tw ( ) Tj 10.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.008 Tc 3.653 Tw (stimulate the increase of the intellectual and technological basis of the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0667 Tc 0 Tw (economy) Tj 47.4 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -65.4 -22.68 TD /F8 12.48 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 7.56 0 TD /F6 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0106 Tw ( ) Tj 10.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.01 Tc 0.0949 Tw (development of the \223human capital\224) Tj 189.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -207.24 -22.68 TD /F8 12.48 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 7.56 0 TD /F6 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0106 Tw ( ) Tj 10.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0013 Tc 0.0436 Tw (strengthening the defense capacity of the country) Tj 257.76 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 266 0 obj 6853 endobj 267 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 252 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 15 0 R /F6 36 0 R /F8 209 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 268 0 R >> endobj 268 0 obj << /Length 269 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 10.8 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD -0.0389 Tc 0 Tw (72) Tj ET Q q 104.4 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 104.4 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 111.6 737.28 TD /F8 12.48 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 7.56 0 TD /F6 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0106 Tw ( ) Tj 10.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0082 Tc 0 Tw (re) Tj 10.08 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0069 Tc 4.3514 Tw (development of the liberated territories and the resettlement of the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -14.4 -16.68 TD -0.012 Tc 0.0369 Tw (displaced people) Tj 84.48 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -123.6 -22.8 TD 0.003 Tc 0.8919 Tw (Some of these priority directions, such as the development of human capital, have) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0065 Tc 3.3685 Tw (been mentioned not only by the government but also by the UN, opposition) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0037 Tc 3.1847 Tw (parties, and local NGOs. In 2003, the opposition party National Independence) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0118 Tc 1.1168 Tw (Party proposed to allo) Tj 117.48 0 TD 0.0029 Tc 1.1287 Tw (cate $1 billion from SOFAR funds to establish a scholarship) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -117.48 -16.68 TD 0.0053 Tc 2.0117 Tw (program for Azerbaijani students to study abroad. Some members of parliament) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0029 Tc 0.6774 Tw (have suggested to spend 1% of SOFAR\222s revenues on the elderly and war veterans.) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0028 Tc 1.9822 Tw (The strengthening of the army has been) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 225.6 0 TD 0.0089 Tc 1.9532 Tw (also cited by the President Aliyev as a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -225.6 -16.68 TD 0.0022 Tc 0.0228 Tw (regular focus for the spending of oil revenues. ) Tj 241.32 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -241.32 -22.8 TD 0.0018 Tc 3.4132 Tw (On March 29, 2005, the chairman of the National Bank of Azerbaijan Elman) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0025 Tc 2.9175 Tw (Rustamov has proposed that the funds from the State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0109 Tc 2.0541 Tw (Republic be used fo) Tj 106.92 0 TD 0.0036 Tc 2.1413 Tw (r investments in large scale projects, such as building power) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -106.92 -16.68 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.9393 Tw (stations and laying highways. He also warned that these projects should not cause) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 2.3529 Tw (inflation or hurt the general macro) Tj 192.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0146 Tc 2.2903 Tw (economic policy of the state, but instead be) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -196.56 -16.8 TD -0.0027 Tc 0.3637 Tw (directed at the development of ) Tj 163.56 0 TD -0.0096 Tc 0.4631 Tw (the country\222s regions as well as the non) Tj 207.36 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0037 Tc 0.4413 Tw (oil sector of) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -375.12 -16.68 TD 0.0125 Tc 0.0125 Tw (the economy.) Tj 70.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -70.08 -22.8 TD 0.0064 Tc 1.1313 Tw (Despite these promises and concrete plans, there have been also disagreements on) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0025 Tc 2.9394 Tw (the use of oil and gas revenues. Some opposition parties have argued that the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0114 Tc 0.3736 Tw (accumulation of the oil reven) Tj 153.96 0 TD -0.0009 Tc 0.4759 Tw (ues in SOFAR and their investment into foreign low) Tj 278.76 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -16.8 TD 0.0017 Tc 0.9556 Tw (interest bonds and stock is not as productive as would have been their investment) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0037 Tc 1.3025 Tw (into the local economy. Lack of loans for farmers and small businessmen is often) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0028 Tc 0.1628 Tw (cited as a good example of this problem. A) Tj 221.76 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.1951 Tw ( recurrent complaint has been to ask why ) Tj -221.76 -16.8 TD 0.0038 Tc 1.8811 Tw (Azerbaijan borrows money from foreign banks and financial institutions at high) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0075 Tc 0.5349 Tw (interest rate to provide loans to farmers, if it could use its own oil revenues for the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 0.8828 Tw (same purpose. At least on one occasion, governme) Tj 267 0 TD 0.0041 Tc 0.9209 Tw (nt representatives, such as State) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -267 -16.68 TD -0.0077 Tc 0.1076 Tw (Economic Advisor Vahid Akhundov\222s, have agreed with this concern.) Tj 365.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -365.28 -37.44 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0086 Tc -0.0454 Tw (Security Challenges to the BTC Pipeline) Tj 238.32 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -238.32 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0038 Tc 0.4187 Tw (The BTC pipeline has been designed to be the most secure pipeline in the world. It ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0073 Tc 2.3217 Tw (is buried under ground and protec) Tj 187.68 0 TD 0.0116 Tc 2.3105 Tw (ted against corrosion. The entire route of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -187.68 -16.68 TD 0.0098 Tc 4.8697 Tw (pipeline will be under the constant safety surveillance and the program of) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0069 Tc 5.6358 Tw (inspection and maintenance will ensure that the pipeline remains in good) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0063 Tc 3.5227 Tw (condition. BTC co. has pledged to train its staff to respond) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 347.64 0 TD 0.0117 Tc 3.5532 Tw (to any potential) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -347.64 -16.68 TD 0.0093 Tc 0.1657 Tw (incidents. Links from the Sangachal terminal to the metering and pumping stations ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0164 Tc 0.1285 Tw (will provide real) Tj 85.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.1749 Tw (time information about the flow of oil. That said, there are several ) Tj -89.76 -16.68 TD 0.0091 Tc 1.0258 Tw (risk areas for the pipeline that can not and should not be underestima) Tj 372.96 0 TD 0.0223 Tc 0.9626 Tw (ted. Located) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -372.96 -16.68 TD 0.0013 Tc 0.0797 Tw (in a troublesome and unstable area of the world, Azerbaijan faces major threats on a ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0155 Tc 0.0805 Tw (daily basis. Here are some of them:) Tj 183 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 269 0 obj 6637 endobj 270 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 271 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 272 0 R >> endobj 271 0 obj << /Kids [ 270 0 R 274 0 R 277 0 R 280 0 R 283 0 R 286 0 R ] /Count 6 /Type /Pages /Parent 572 0 R >> endobj 272 0 obj << /Length 273 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 491.52 791.52 10.32 14.52 re h W n BT 491.52 794.88 TD -0.013 Tc 0 Tw (73) Tj ET Q q 501.84 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.84 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0021 Tc 0.6277 Tw (International terrorism.) Tj 113.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj 3.72 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0036 Tc 0.6735 Tw (Azerbaijan is a country that has experienced major problems) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -116.88 -16.68 TD 0.0059 Tc 0.1091 Tw (with terrorism since its independence) Tj 196.32 0 TD 0.0048 Tc 0.0887 Tw (. Buses, metro, apartments and oil pipelines \() Tj 235.2 0 TD -0.071 Tc -0.024 Tw (a ) Tj -431.52 -16.8 TD 0.0174 Tc 3.4876 Tw (total of 32 terror) Tj 94.08 0 TD -0.104 Tc 0 Tw (ist) Tj 12.72 0 TD 0.0082 Tc 3.5501 Tw ( acts\) have been blown up on several occasions. Different) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -106.8 -16.68 TD 0.0094 Tc 3.6592 Tw (criminal and political groups have used terrorism to achieve their goals. The) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0021 Tc 0.219 Tw (government has identified several Armenian, Chechen) Tj 286.08 0 TD 0.0106 Tc 0.1743 Tw ( and even Lezgi) Tj 81.72 0 TD -0.0163 Tc 0 Tw (n) Tj 6.84 0 TD 0.0109 Tc 0.134 Tw ( groups that ) Tj -374.64 -16.68 TD 0.0054 Tc 0.0367 Tw (have used terrorism to pressure the Azerbaijani government.) Tj 315.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -315.84 -22.68 TD 0.0403 Tc 0 Tw (I) Tj 4.8 0 TD 0.0121 Tc 0.4929 Tw (nternational terror) Tj 97.8 0 TD -0.104 Tc 0 Tw (ist) Tj 12.72 0 TD -0.0061 Tc 0.631 Tw ( groups) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 42.36 0 TD -0.0274 Tc 0.0523 Tw (such ) Tj 27.36 0 TD -0.0466 Tc 0.0715 Tw (as ) Tj 14.04 0 TD 0.0456 Tc 0.5394 Tw (the PKK and Al) Tj 85.08 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0064 Tc (Qae) Tj 21.48 0 TD -0 Tc 0.4752 Tw (da have threatened with ) Tj -309.84 -16.8 TD 0.0013 Tc 1.2836 Tw (the destruction of oil pipelines, should their political demands not met.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 385.92 0 TD -0.0211 Tc 0.0461 Tw (The ) Tj 25.68 0 TD 0.031 Tc -0.0061 Tw (PKK ) Tj -411.6 -16.68 TD 0.0317 Tc 0 Tw (even) Tj 24.36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.24 0 TD -0 Tc 0.1457 Tw (specifically ) Tj 61.68 0 TD 0.0044 Tc 0.0205 Tw (threatened to blow up ) Tj 116.88 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the ) Tj 19.68 0 TD -0.0124 Tc 0.0374 Tw (BTC pipeline.) Tj 74.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -299.88 -22.68 TD -0.0075 Tc 1.2058 Tw (Thus, dealing with the international terrorism is a major priority) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 352.68 0 TD -0.016 Tc 0.041 Tw (for ) Tj 19.44 0 TD -0.0061 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 56.76 0 TD 0.1939 Tc (\222s) Tj 8.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -16.8 TD 0.012 Tc 5.5329 Tw (political elite. After) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 121.8 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the ) Tj 25.2 0 TD 0.0064 Tc 5.5386 Tw (September 11 terror attacks, Azerbaijan joined the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -147 -16.68 TD -0.0082 Tc 1.6732 Tw (international war on terrorism) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 168.48 0 TD -0.0331 Tc 1.678 Tw (as an ent) Tj 49.2 0 TD 0.0012 Tc 1.5838 Tw (husiastic partner) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 93.24 0 TD 0.0046 Tc 1.6204 Tw (and sent troops to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 102.6 0 TD 0.0019 Tc 0.023 Tw (both ) Tj -413.52 -16.8 TD -0.0078 Tc 1.1928 Tw (Iraq and Afghanistan. It has also arrested) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 226.44 0 TD -0.023 Tc 1.248 Tw (at least) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 41.88 0 TD 0 Tc 1.1645 Tw (39 international terrorists) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 138.48 0 TD 0.0374 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 6.36 0 TD -0.0521 Tc 1.277 Tw (n its) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -413.16 -16.68 TD 0.0012 Tc 1.6438 Tw (territory and deported another 152) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 186.36 0 TD -0.0204 Tc 1.7254 Tw (suspected terrorists.) Tj 105.24 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf -0.023 Tc 0 Tw (3) Tj 3 -5.52 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0015 Tc 1.6134 Tw ( It has actively cooperated) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -294.6 -16.68 TD -0.0064 Tc 0.0313 Tw (with the U) Tj 57.12 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0.0509 Tc (S) Tj 7.2 0 TD 0.0499 Tc (.) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0 Tc 0.1055 Tw ( and NATO in border security ) Tj 163.44 0 TD -0.0178 Tc 0.1027 Tw (and other areas.) Tj 81.96 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -315.96 -22.8 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.003 Tc 2.1868 Tw (Conflict with Armenia.) Tj 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj 121.32 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0035 Tc 2.2335 Tw (Azerbaijan has been engaged in a bitter territorial dispute) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -121.32 -16.68 TD 0.0057 Tc 4.9992 Tw (with neighboring Armenia since 1988. The conflict, which started over the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0029 Tc 1.6163 Tw (Armenian claims to the Azerbaijani area of Nagorno) Tj 285.84 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.031 Tc (Karabakh) Tj 50.16 0 TD -0.0016 Tc 1.6465 Tw (, grew into a full) Tj 92.4 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.6 -16.68 TD 0.0353 Tc (scal) Tj 19.32 0 TD -0.0097 Tc 0.3046 Tw (e war and resulted in the occupation of ) Tj 207 0 TD 0.02 Tc 0.215 Tw (over 17 percent of Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 159.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.36 0 TD 0.0143 Tc 0 Tw (territory) Tj 44.52 0 TD -0.0701 Tc -0.025 Tw (, ) Tj -434.04 -16.68 TD -0.007 Tc 0.752 Tw (the ethnic cleans) Tj 88.32 0 TD 0.0298 Tc 0.7152 Tw (ing of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 35.16 0 TD -0.0346 Tc 0.8995 Tw (over ) Tj 0.889 Tc 0 Tw (a) Tj 32.16 0 TD -0.0295 Tc 1.0144 Tw ( million) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 45.84 0 TD -0.0065 Tc 0.8235 Tw (people, the overwhelming majority of which) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -201.48 -16.8 TD -0.0281 Tc 0.053 Tw (were ) Tj 28.68 0 TD 0.0043 Tc 0.5007 Tw (ethnic Azerbaijanis) Tj 101.4 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0256 Tc 0.4794 Tw ( from their homes) Tj 95.52 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0 Tc 0.3256 Tw ( and ) Tj 26.4 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the ) Tj 20.28 0 TD -0.0132 Tc 0.2781 Tw (death of ) Tj 46.32 0 TD -0.0046 Tc 0.0295 Tw (over ) Tj 26.52 0 TD 0.0195 Tc 0.1854 Tw (30,000 people ) Tj 72.36 0 TD 0.0706 Tc -0.0456 Tw (on ) Tj -423.72 -16.68 TD 0.0038 Tc 2.4211 Tw (both sid) Tj 44.16 0 TD -0 Tc 0.0253 Tw (es. ) Tj 19.08 0 TD -0.0557 Tc 0 Tw (M) Tj 12.12 0 TD 0.0041 Tc 0.1408 Tw (ilitary ) Tj 37.68 0 TD -0.0083 Tc 2.5533 Tw (actions were stopped with a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 159.84 0 TD 0.013 Tc 0.012 Tw (1994 ) Tj 27.12 0 TD -0.0159 Tc 0 Tw (cease) Tj 26.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0178 Tc 2.5272 Tw (fire agreement,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 87.12 0 TD -0 Tc 0.1456 Tw (and ) Tj -417.96 -16.68 TD 0.0136 Tc 1.3313 Tw (during the past 10 years) Tj 127.08 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0.0027 Tc 1.3476 Tw ( both sides) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 62.4 0 TD -0.0077 Tc 0.0326 Tw (have ) Tj 29.16 0 TD -0.0088 Tc 1.4258 Tw (with the help of international mediators) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -221.76 -16.8 TD -0.0008 Tc -0.0042 Tw (been trying to find ) Tj 100.92 0 TD -0.191 Tc -0.024 Tw (a ) Tj 8.52 0 TD 0.0084 Tc 0.0166 Tw (peaceful solution to the conflict. ) Tj 170.64 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -280.08 -22.68 TD 0.0129 Tc 2.6521 Tw (In fact,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 46.08 0 TD 0.0089 Tc 2.6561 Tw (the unresolved conflict between Ar) Tj 194.04 0 TD -0 Tc 2.7611 Tw (menia and Azerbaijan is the largest) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -240.12 -16.8 TD -0.0042 Tc 0.2852 Tw (threat to peace and security in the South Caucasus and perhaps in the wider region. ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0049 Tc 0.5699 Tw (With every year that the deadlocked conflict continues without a solution, the risk) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.001 Tc 0.731 Tw (of a resumption of hostilities looms larger, with ev) Tj 268.92 0 TD -0.0056 Tc 0.7505 Tw (er larger implications.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 119.16 0 TD 0.0218 Tc 0.3031 Tw (Until the ) Tj -388.08 -16.8 TD -0.0095 Tc 1.9544 Tw (past two years, ) Tj 1.9142 Tc 0 Tw (t) Tj 90.84 0 TD -0.0084 Tc 1.9705 Tw (he political elites in both Armenia and Azerbaijan) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 278.16 0 TD 0.0081 Tc 2.0569 Tw (have seemed) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -369 -16.68 TD -0.0055 Tc 0.819 Tw (inclined to find a solution by peaceful means.) Tj 241.68 0 TD 0.0111 Tc 0.7339 Tw ( However, the experience of the past) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -241.68 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 2.1256 Tw (two years indicate a hardening of negotiating positions on) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 323.88 0 TD -0 Tc 2.1054 Tw (both sides, while the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -323.88 -16.68 TD -0.019 Tc 0.164 Tw (activity of international mediation is low.) Tj 217.68 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -217.68 -22.68 TD 0.0048 Tc 3.6869 Tw (While Armenia has suffered considerably in both economic and demographic) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.054 Tc 0 Tw (terms) Tj 29.76 0 TD 0.0049 Tc 4.58 Tw ( \(mainly) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 57.36 0 TD 0.0083 Tc 4.5767 Tw (due to out) Tj 61.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0097 Tc (migration) Tj 51.36 0 TD -0.0298 Tc (\)) Tj 4.8 0 TD -0 Tc 4.6301 Tw ( as a result of the conflict, its current) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -209.16 -16.68 TD -0.0009 Tc 6.0259 Tw (leadership refuses to compromise on) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 222.6 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the ) Tj 25.68 0 TD -0 Tc 6.0256 Tw (demand for Nagorno) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 130.56 0 TD 0.0156 Tc 0.0094 Tw (Karabakh\222s ) Tj -378.84 -16.8 TD -0.0016 Tc 0.1866 Tw (independence. This is ) Tj 117.24 0 TD 0.0083 Tc 0.2566 Tw (partly ) Tj 34.56 0 TD 0.0154 Tc 0.1536 Tw (due to the dominance of a Karabakh elite in Armenian ) Tj -151.8 -16.68 TD 0.005 Tc 1.9519 Tw (politics: President Robert Kocharian is the former President of the unrecognized) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -24 TD ( ) Tj 93.6 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 64.8 83.76 144 0.6 re f BT 208.8 81.12 TD ( ) Tj -144 -15.72 TD /F0 6 Tf 0.024 Tc 0 Tw (3) Tj 2.28 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf -0.0106 Tc 0.0661 Tw ( Data is taken from the presentation of the official of the State Border Services of Azerba) Tj 334.56 0 TD -0.0072 Tc 0 Tw (ijan.) Tj 16.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.048 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 273 0 obj 10469 endobj 274 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 271 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 275 0 R >> endobj 275 0 obj << /Length 276 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 11.64 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0106 Tc 0 Tw (74) Tj ET Q q 105.24 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 105.24 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD -0.0049 Tc 0.8165 Tw (republic, and defense minister Serzh Sarkisian is its former de) Tj 330.36 0 TD 0.0056 Tc 0.7994 Tw (fense minister. This) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -330.36 -16.68 TD 0.0029 Tc 0.096 Tw (elite seems to give at least equal emphasis to Karabakh\222s distinct interests compared ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0155 Tc 6.1295 Tw (to those of Armenia proper, unlike former President Ter) Tj 343.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.003 Tc 6.388 Tw (Petrossian, who) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -347.88 -16.68 TD 0.0093 Tc 0.7684 Tw (concluded by 1997 that Armenia\222s interests required a compromise on the statu) Tj 417.6 0 TD 0.0125 Tc 0.4325 Tw (s of ) Tj -417.6 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 0.1454 Tw (Karabakh. The ) Tj 81.24 0 TD -0.0028 Tc 0.0277 Tw (influence ) Tj 51.72 0 TD 0.0014 Tc 0.2395 Tw (of the Karabakh lobby is ) Tj 131.76 0 TD 0.0082 Tc 0.2568 Tw (growing, as indicated by a public ) Tj -264.72 -16.68 TD -0.0129 Tc 1.5979 Tw (declaration in) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 77.4 0 TD 0.0212 Tc 1.4437 Tw (June 2004) Tj 51.48 0 TD 0.0629 Tc 1.2821 Tw ( by) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 22.08 0 TD -0.0084 Tc 1.5334 Tw (Garnik Isagulian, an advisor to President Kocharyan,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -150.96 -16.68 TD -0.0022 Tc 0.0272 Tw (stating ) Tj 40.2 0 TD 0.0113 Tc 1.4987 Tw (that Armenia\222s next President should also be from Nagorno) Tj 324.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0077 Tc 1.5773 Tw (Karabakh, as) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -368.64 -16.8 TD 0.0084 Tc 3.3766 Tw (that are) Tj 43.08 0 TD -0.0184 Tc 3.4834 Tw (a is crucial to Armenia\222s national interests.) Tj 242.88 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf -0.0031 Tc 0 Tw (4) Tj 3.84 -5.52 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0025 Tc 3.4275 Tw ( The Armenian leadership) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -289.8 -16.68 TD -0.0017 Tc 4.0133 Tw (currently controls the territory of Mountainous Karabakh and seven adjacent) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.008 Tc 2.0569 Tw (Azerbaijani regions,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 111.96 0 TD -0.0031 Tc 2.0681 Tw (hence feeling) Tj 70.92 0 TD 0 Tc 2.1546 Tw ( less urgency in a solution. Armenia is clearly) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj -182.88 -16.8 TD 0.0103 Tc 0.0546 Tw (interested in preserving th) Tj 137.64 0 TD -0.0251 Tc 0.17 Tw (e military ) Tj 54.12 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0115 Tc 0.0782 Tw (status quo ) Tj 50.52 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.025 Tc 0.11 Tw (until it can get a favorable deal.) Tj 163.2 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj 3 0 TD ( ) Tj -408.48 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.001 Tc 0.024 Tw (Meanwhile, ) Tj 71.04 0 TD 0.0372 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 64.92 0 TD -0.0174 Tc 5.9224 Tw ( society and leadership) Tj 135.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 9 0 TD -0.0019 Tc 5.8468 Tw (is deeply disturbed by the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -280.44 -16.8 TD 0.0043 Tc 2.2406 Tw (humiliation of losing around a sixth of the country\222s territory, and the massive) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.003 Tc 4.042 Tw (refugee and internally displaced population) Tj 240.84 0 TD -0.0044 Tc 4.0408 Tw ( is both an economic drain and a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -240.84 -16.68 TD 0.0014 Tc 0.0836 Tw (political concern. ) Tj 92.64 0 TD -0.0106 Tc 0 Tw (P) Tj 7.44 0 TD 0.0032 Tc 0.1218 Tw (opular frustration in the country is ) Tj 185.28 0 TD 0.0059 Tc 0 Tw (rising) Tj 30 0 TD -0.022 Tc 0.263 Tw ( with what is perceived ) Tj -315.36 -16.8 TD 0.0062 Tc 0.1867 Tw (as Armenian intransigence and international disregard to the aggression committed ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0051 Tc 1.5799 Tw (against their country.) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 119.64 0 TD 0.0115 Tc 1.5735 Tw (Concomitantly, the political el) Tj 164.16 0 TD -0.005 Tc 1.6499 Tw (ite is increasingly seeing the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -283.8 -16.8 TD -0.0099 Tc 2.7348 Tw (deadlock in Nagorno) Tj 114.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0 Tc 2.7046 Tw (Karabakh as the key and crucial issue preventing the full) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -118.56 -16.68 TD 0.0081 Tc 0.7848 Tw (realization of Azerbaijan\222s political and economic development and potential. As a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.004 Tc 3.4423 Tw (result, Azerbaijan views Karabakh as having a higher priority th) Tj 364.92 0 TD -0.0153 Tc 3.4602 Tw (an any other) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -364.92 -16.8 TD 0.0021 Tc 3.3589 Tw (foreign policy concern. The result is an increasingly strong conviction among) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0083 Tc 1.6127 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s population, intellectual and political elite that Karabakh can only be) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0104 Tc 0.3945 Tw (recovered through the use of force and that Azerbaijan should therefore prepare f) Tj 426.12 0 TD 0.025 Tc 0 Tw (or ) Tj -426.12 -16.8 TD -0.0012 Tc 4.6407 Tw (the use of force. The defining moment in the development of Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0131 Tc 2.4419 Tw (perception of the problem seems to have occurred in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 297 0 TD 0.0342 Tc 2.3907 Tw (August 2002,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 74.76 0 TD -0.0466 Tc 0.0715 Tw (as ) Tj 15.96 0 TD 0.0068 Tc 0.1381 Tw (President ) Tj -387.72 -16.8 TD -0.0019 Tc 5.6789 Tw (Heydar Aliyev offered the restoration of economic relations in return for) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0101 Tc 1.2751 Tw (Armenian withdrawal from the) Tj 168.24 0 TD 0 Tc 1.1391 Tw ( four occupied territories along the Iranian border.) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -168.24 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 3.3092 Tw (President Robert Kocharyan\222s refusal to discuss this offer led to a widespread) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0026 Tc 5.2663 Tw (sentiment in Azerbaijan that Armenia\222s leadership was not interested in a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0139 Tc 1.5688 Tw (negotiated solution, and that as a result a milita) Tj 258.24 0 TD 0.0028 Tc 1.4861 Tw (ry solution is the only remaining) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -258.24 -16.8 TD -0.0011 Tc 0.866 Tw (option to restore the country\222s territorial integrity and enable refugees to return to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0253 Tc 3.2903 Tw (their homes.) Tj 68.28 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw (5) Tj 3.12 -5.52 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0085 Tc 3.3268 Tw ( Ilham Aliyev\222s government, which has always kept the military) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -71.4 -16.68 TD -0.0195 Tc 1.6978 Tw (option as a last resort, is now increasingly stressing that) Tj 305.16 0 TD -0.0062 Tc 1.6512 Tw ( the Azerbaijani army is) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -305.16 -16.8 TD 0.0008 Tc 0.7642 Tw (ready to liberate its territory if negotiations fail. If the present deadlock continues,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0031 Tc 0.8588 Tw (as seems likely, the public and elite mood in Azerbaijan will continue to gradually) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0017 Tc 0.2099 Tw (tilt towards war. A new war between Armenia and Azerbaijan) Tj 326.88 0 TD 0.0093 Tc 0.1836 Tw (, should it take place, ) Tj -326.88 -16.68 TD -0.0168 Tc 0.9518 Tw (is unlikely to remain as limited as the previous one was. In 1992) Tj 340.32 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0021 Tc 0.8628 Tw (94, the two states) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -344.52 -27.12 TD 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 93.6 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 93.6 104.64 144 0.6 re f BT 237.6 102 TD ( ) Tj -144 -15.6 TD /F0 6 Tf 0.012 Tc 0 Tw (4) Tj 2.88 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf -0.0089 Tc 0.0661 Tw ( Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Caucasus Report, vol. 7 no. 23, 10 June 2004.) Tj 292.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.048 Tw ( ) Tj -295.32 -6.48 TD /F0 6 Tf -0.048 Tc 0 Tw (5) Tj 2.28 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf -0.0111 Tc 3.9334 Tw ( Fariz Ismailzade, \223Latest Efforts to Solve Nagorno) Tj 220.08 0 TD -0.033 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3 0 TD -0.0045 Tc 3.8925 Tw (Karabakh Dispute Fails, Killing Talk of Economic) Tj 0 Tc 0.168 Tw ( ) Tj -225.36 -10.56 TD -0.0051 Tc -0.0669 Tw (Cooperations\224, ) Tj 58.8 0 TD /F3 9 Tf -0.0128 Tc 0.0308 Tw (Central Asia) Tj 44.88 0 TD -0.033 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3 0 TD 0.0078 Tc 0.0102 Tw (Caucasus Analyst) Tj 62.28 0 TD /F0 9 Tf 0.0206 Tc -0.0526 Tw (, 9 October 2002.) Tj 61.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.048 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 276 0 obj 8873 endobj 277 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 271 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 278 0 R >> endobj 278 0 obj << /Length 279 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 491.28 791.52 10.44 14.52 re h W n BT 491.28 794.88 TD -0.0278 Tc 0 Tw (75) Tj ET Q q 501.72 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.72 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD -0.0066 Tc 1.8752 Tw (had only rudimentary weaponry, and the military forces involved were far from) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0072 Tc 6.2001 Tw (professional. But in the last eight years, both states have acquired) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 410.4 0 TD -0.0511 Tc 0.0761 Tw (more ) Tj -410.4 -16.8 TD -0.0092 Tc 3.0451 Tw (sophisticated and therefore more deadly arms, meaning that a new war would) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0161 Tc 0.1611 Tw (almost certainly cause much larger human and material destruction.) Tj 354.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -354.48 -22.8 TD 2.425 Tw (So far,) Tj 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 42.24 0 TD -0.0022 Tc 2.4271 Tw (negotiations have yielded) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 143.04 0 TD -0.0032 Tc 2.4682 Tw (no results and the Azerbaijani population and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -185.28 -16.68 TD 0.0051 Tc 0.6799 Tw (leadership gets increasingly) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 148.68 0 TD 0.0021 Tc 0.6978 Tw (frustrated with the deadlock in the peace talks. Should) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -148.68 -16.68 TD -0.0021 Tc 0.5902 Tw (the military warfare resume, it will directly threaten the BTC pipeline, as it passes) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0094 Tc 0.1543 Tw (only ) Tj 26.52 0 TD -0.0011 Tc 0.0661 Tw (30 km away from the Armenian border) Tj 203.52 0 TD -0.0116 Tc 0.0766 Tw ( and the cease) Tj 71.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0106 Tc 0.1555 Tw (fire line) Tj 40.92 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -349.92 -22.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0073 Tc 2.1824 Tw (Spillover of other conflicts in the Caucasus.) 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This has been the case) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 135.48 0 TD 0.0243 Tc 1.6806 Tw (for the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 41.52 0 TD -0.012 Tc 1.757 Tw (Chechen conflict, spilling over) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 169.8 0 TD -0.0072 Tc 0.0322 Tw (into ) Tj 25.8 0 TD -0.0154 Tc -0.0797 Tw (the ) Tj -420.6 -16.68 TD 0.0041 Tc 0.7409 Tw (territory of Georgia and) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 131.28 0 TD -0.0072 Tc 0.0322 Tw (into ) Tj 24.84 0 TD 0.0126 Tc -0.1076 Tw (Dagestan ) Tj 52.92 0 TD -0.0302 Tc 0.0552 Tw (in ) Tj 14.4 0 TD -0.0012 Tc 0.7461 Tw (Russia. Azerbaij) Tj 85.32 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.81 Tw (an is not protected from) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj -308.76 -16.8 TD -0.0011 Tc 0.0775 Tw (this and should political or criminal groups destabilize the situation in one region of ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 3.1456 Tw (the Caucasus,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 81 0 TD -0.0056 Tc 3.1506 Tw (the risk) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 48.72 0 TD 0.0065 Tc 0.1385 Tw (that ) Tj 27.12 0 TD -0.011 Tc 3.2159 Tw (a conflict spillover) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 108.96 0 TD -0.0064 Tc 3.1514 Tw (into Azerbaijan) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 90.36 0 TD -0 Tc 3.1452 Tw (will take place) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -356.16 -16.68 TD -0.0073 Tc 0.6522 Tw (cannot be ignored. In turn, this could) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 200.76 0 TD 0.0067 Tc 0.4582 Tw (threaten the stability ) Tj 113.88 0 TD 0.0267 Tc 0.2383 Tw (of the ) Tj 34.56 0 TD -0 Tc -0.0948 Tw (country\222s ) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0.0178 Tc 0.1272 Tw (energy ) Tj -401.64 -16.8 TD 0.0035 Tc 0.0214 Tw (infrastructure. ) Tj 78.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -78.24 -22.68 TD 0.0104 Tc 2.5346 Tw (In 2001) Tj 38.4 0 TD -0.0188 Tc 2.5638 Tw (, for example,) Tj 76.32 0 TD -0.0037 Tc 2.6287 Tw ( criminal groups from Dagestan and Chechnya) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 265.56 0 TD 0.0154 Tc 0.0096 Tw (committed ) Tj -380.28 -16.8 TD -0.0071 Tc 2.672 Tw (armed actions in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 97.32 0 TD 0.0024 Tc 2.5905 Tw (the north of Azerbaijan on se) Tj 165.24 0 TD -0.0119 Tc 2.6769 Tw (veral occasions. Some separatist) Tj 174.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -16.68 TD -0.0136 Tc 0.7586 Tw (slogans were also used) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 122.28 0 TD -0.0047 Tc 0.6896 Tw (with the aim of destabilizing) Tj 152.52 0 TD 0.0136 Tc 0.6714 Tw ( the situ) Tj 43.56 0 TD 0.0014 Tc 0.7035 Tw (ation. This might take) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -318.36 -16.68 TD -0.0098 Tc 0.0948 Tw (place again in the future.) Tj 129 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -129 -22.8 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.017 Tc 3.6128 Tw (Petty thieves.) Tj 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj 74.76 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0049 Tc 3.6467 Tw (Although BTC is buried under ground, other pipelines and fuel) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj -74.76 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 1.0016 Tw (storage risk being attacked by petty thieves, who try to drill a hole in the pipeline) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0023 Tc 0.9376 Tw (and steal fuel. This has taken place on man) Tj 231.36 0 TD 0.0137 Tc 0.9198 Tw (y occasions in the past and although it) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -231.36 -16.8 TD -0.0118 Tc 2.2448 Tw (does not pose a major threat to the pipelines, still it presents a problem for the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0017 Tc 0.0532 Tw (political leadership of the country) Tj 175.8 0 TD -0.0141 Tc 0.0391 Tw ( and to the environment) Tj 126.12 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -305.04 -28.8 TD /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0034 Tc 0.0731 Tw (Protection Policy and Methods) Tj 144.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -144.84 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0261 Tc 3.771 Tw (Azerbaijan works with its neighbors and int) Tj 251.04 0 TD 0 Tc 3.6245 Tw (ernational partners to protect the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -251.04 -16.68 TD 0.0034 Tc 5.4695 Tw (critical energy infrastructure in the country. The protection of the energy) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0115 Tc 0.0364 Tw (infrastructure is ) Tj 86.88 0 TD 0.0084 Tc -0.1035 Tw (undertaken ) Tj 62.28 0 TD -0.0421 Tc 0.2471 Tw (at several levels:) Tj 84.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -234 -22.8 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0148 Tc 0 Tw (National) Tj 42.48 0 TD 0.0499 Tc -0.0202 Tw (. ) Tj 11.28 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 5.2116 Tw (According to the BTC agreement, the states shall implement the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -53.76 -16.68 TD 0.0064 Tc 0.1386 Tw (Voluntary ) Tj 58.92 0 TD -0.0106 Tc 0 Tw (P) Tj 7.44 0 TD 0.015 Tc 1.0899 Tw (rinciples on) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 66.36 0 TD 0.0131 Tc 1.1219 Tw (Security and Human rights within the framework of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -132.72 -16.8 TD 0.0074 Tc 0.8095 Tw (international agreements they are party to and their national legislation. Basically,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0209 Tc -0.0742 Tw (this ) Tj 23.04 0 TD 0.001 Tc 0.1269 Tw (means that each country that hosts BTC is responsible for the protection of the ) Tj -23.04 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 0.2655 Tw (pipeline in its own territory. ) Tj 152.04 0 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.3035 Tw (Nevertheless, the three countries are actively involved ) Tj -152.04 -16.8 TD -0.0302 Tc 0.0552 Tw (in ) Tj 13.68 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the ) Tj 19.68 0 TD -0.0082 Tc 0.0732 Tw (coordination of security issues.) Tj 161.4 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -194.76 -22.68 TD -0.0037 Tc 2.8387 Tw (Azerbaijan has already taken measures on this issue and trained a battalion of) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0033 Tc 2.6155 Tw (security forces that will be dealing with the protection of BTC. They will use) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.2141 Tc 0 Tw (mo) Tj 16.68 0 TD -0.0173 Tc 1.3223 Tw (dern equipment and dogs and will station a patrol team) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 302.52 0 TD -0.0893 Tc 1.4342 Tw (at a) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 24 0 TD -0.0073 Tc 1.2323 Tw (distance of 30 km) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 279 0 obj 8875 endobj 280 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 271 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 281 0 R >> endobj 281 0 obj << /Length 282 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 11.64 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD -0.0082 Tc 0 Tw (76) Tj ET Q q 105.24 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 105.24 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD -0.0038 Tc 0.9188 Tw (from each other. Azerbaijan also created a state commission to ensure the security) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0141 Tc 2.9791 Tw (of the pipelines.) Tj 88.8 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 6.12 0 TD -0.0027 Tc 3.1134 Tw (Azerbaijan has also significantly strengthened its state border) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -94.92 -16.8 TD -0.0162 Tc 0.8212 Tw (services in ) Tj 0.7142 Tc 0 Tw (t) Tj 63.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.7686 Tw (he past ten years. These troops are charged with fighting international) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -63.6 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 0.6148 Tw (terrorism and illegal migration as well as protection of the energy infrastructure in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0044 Tc 0.0614 Tw (the border areas. These troops also protect the oil and gas fields in the Caspian Sea.) 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Host governments) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -278.76 -16.68 TD -0.0432 Tc 0.9482 Tw (also signed \223Host Go) Tj 113.4 0 TD 0.0035 Tc 0.7414 Tw (vernment Agreements\224 with the oil companies) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 252.24 0 TD -0.045 Tc 0.91 Tw (which set) Tj 50.52 0 TD 0.0016 Tc 0.7434 Tw ( out) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -416.16 -16.68 TD 0.0095 Tc 0.4586 Tw (mutual responsibilities of the participants of the construction of BTC to secure the ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0226 Tc 0 Tw (pipeline.) Tj 44.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -44.52 -22.68 TD 0.0097 Tc 2.4153 Tw (In April 2002) Tj 72.96 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0035 Tc 2.3814 Tw ( the Presidents of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 103.32 0 TD 0.0016 Tc 2.4714 Tw (the three countries met in Trabz) Tj 180.96 0 TD -0.0041 Tc 2.429 Tw (on, Turkey) Tj 60.84 0 TD -0.0442 Tc 2.4691 Tw ( to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -421.2 -16.8 TD 0.0012 Tc 1.0637 Tw (discuss ways of protecti) Tj 126.84 0 TD -0.1133 Tc 0 Tw (ng) Tj 12.96 0 TD 0 Tc 1.0209 Tw ( BTC. This was the first real step towards ensuring the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -139.8 -16.68 TD 0.0265 Tc 2.2784 Tw (safety of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 52.8 0 TD -0.0163 Tc 2.3213 Tw (the pipeline) Tj 63.24 0 TD 0.0179 Tc 2.2871 Tw (. Following that, in 2002) Tj 134.52 0 TD -0.008 Tc 2.3129 Tw (, Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 78.72 0 TD 0.0057 Tc 2.2993 Tw (Minister of Interior) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -329.28 -16.68 TD -0.003 Tc 1.2716 Tw (Ramil Usubov and his Turkish counterpart Abdulkadir Aksu signed a protocol of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0069 Tc 4.378 Tw (cooperation in fighting international) Tj 203.52 0 TD 0.0011 Tc 4.4039 Tw ( terrorism and crime. A protocol among) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -203.52 -16.68 TD -0.0047 Tc 2.704 Tw (Turkey, Azerbaijan and Georgia relating to the East) Tj 289.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0087 Tc 2.7537 Tw (West energy corridor was) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -293.88 -16.8 TD 0.0031 Tc 0.6368 Tw (signed in Baku on 23 July 2003. This protocol) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 241.44 0 TD -0.0934 Tc 0.1184 Tw (was ) Tj 23.64 0 TD 0.0023 Tc 0.6827 Tw (elaborated according to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 125.52 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the ) Tj 20.28 0 TD -0.0618 Tc -0.0333 Tw (BTC ) Tj -410.88 -16.68 TD -0.0032 Tc 4.7482 Tw (Intergovernmental and Host Government Agreements and Artic) Tj 367.68 0 TD -0.0379 Tc 4.7428 Tw (le 22 of the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -367.68 -16.68 TD 0.0036 Tc 0.5147 Tw (\223Security Agreement\224 signed among the three countries on April 30) Tj 357.84 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0.0044 Tc 0.3894 Tw ( 2002. Regular ) Tj -360.96 -16.8 TD 0.0193 Tc 0 Tw (command) Tj 51.72 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0131 Tc 0.8759 Tw (staff training of representatives of military forces of the three cou) Tj 351.24 0 TD -0.0174 Tc -0.0776 Tw (ntries ) Tj -407.28 -16.68 TD -0.001 Tc 0.8059 Tw (take place in which high) Tj 129.96 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0236 Tc (ranking) Tj 40.44 0 TD 0.0012 Tc 0.8124 Tw ( officers from the three nations develop meas) Tj 240.6 0 TD 0.0437 Tc -0.0187 Tw (ures ) Tj -415.2 -16.68 TD 0.0105 Tc 1.4545 Tw (to ensure the) Tj 70.2 0 TD 0.011 Tc 1.5039 Tw ( security of BTC. These kinds of exercises have been in place since) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -70.2 -16.8 TD -0.0036 Tc 0.0286 Tw (1998. ) Tj 27.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -27.6 -22.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0071 Tc 2.5427 Tw (Regional efforts \(GUUAM\)) Tj 142.56 0 TD 0.0499 Tc -0.0202 Tw (. ) Tj 8.76 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.008 Tc 2.597 Tw (In 1999, Azerbaijan together with Ukraine, Georgia,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -151.32 -16.8 TD -0.0028 Tc 0.4278 Tw (Moldova and Uzbekistan created) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 176.76 0 TD -0.0139 Tc 0.5189 Tw (and institutionalized a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 120.96 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2644 Tw (regional alliance ) Tj 88.92 0 TD 0.0036 Tc 0.3214 Tw (known as ) Tj -386.64 -16.68 TD -0.0096 Tc 0 Tw (GUU) Tj 30.36 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 1.2001 Tw (AM, aimed at strengthening economic, political and military ties.) 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NATO\222) Tj 101.88 0 TD -0.0221 Tc 0.047 Tw (s ) Tj -432.12 -16.68 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.4225 Tw (role would consist of expert visits and consultations. ) Tj 279.72 0 TD 0.0316 Tc 0.3534 Tw (At the same time, t) Tj 102 0 TD 0.008 Tc 0.197 Tw (he NATO ) Tj -381.72 -16.68 TD -0.0083 Tc 0.5453 Tw (official stated that there were no plans in NATO to offer actual physical aid to the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0119 Tc 0 Tw (Cauca) Tj 32.4 0 TD 0.0079 Tc 1.9731 Tw (sus pipelines. NATO could, however, provide its military expertise to the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -32.4 -16.68 TD -0.0208 Tc 0.1058 Tw (planned GUUAM bat) Tj 115.92 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (t) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0402 Tc (alion.) Tj 29.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -149.16 -22.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0016 Tc 1.2281 Tw (Community approach) Tj 102.72 0 TD 0.0499 Tc -0.0202 Tw (. ) Tj 7.44 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0167 Tc 1.3117 Tw (In many ways, BTC will become a test for a new method of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -110.16 -16.8 TD 0.0088 Tc 2.5661 Tw (protection of critical energy infrastructure.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 238.92 0 TD 0.0045 Tc 2.5919 Tw (Yet, it should be kept in mind tha) Tj 193.8 0 TD 0.1142 Tc 0.0307 Tw (t ) Tj -432.72 -16.68 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (t) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0043 Tc 0.4706 Tw (raditional methods of utilizing high) Tj 187.92 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0096 Tc 0.3754 Tw (tech hardware and military units to safeguard ) Tj -196.44 -16.8 TD -0.0054 Tc 3.7688 Tw (the pipelines often do not yield desired results. It is the involvement of the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0027 Tc 1.4623 Tw (communities into) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 98.28 0 TD 0.0048 Tc 0 Tw (decision) Tj 42.6 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD -0.0245 Tc 0.0494 Tw (making ) Tj 43.68 0 TD 0.0055 Tc -0.1006 Tw (processes ) Tj 52.92 0 TD -0.0026 Tc 1.3776 Tw (that can ensure the long) Tj 130.08 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0145 Tc 1.4505 Tw (term safety) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -376.2 -16.68 TD 0.0267 Tc -0.0017 Tw (of the ) Tj 33.48 0 TD -0.0218 Tc 0.0467 Tw (BTC ) Tj 29.4 0 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.0293 Tw (and SCP ) Tj 49.32 0 TD 0.0014 Tc 0.0235 Tw (pipelines. ) Tj 52.68 0 TD 0.0374 Tc -0.0125 Tw (A f) Tj 17.16 0 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.0325 Tw (eeling ) Tj 34.2 0 TD 0.0298 Tc -0.0048 Tw (of ) Tj 13.8 0 TD 0.0069 Tc 0.018 Tw (ownership over the pipelines) Tj 150 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0.0058 Tc 0.0992 Tw ( and being ) Tj -383.16 -16.8 TD -0.0055 Tc 2.3105 Tw (convinced of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 74.4 0 TD 0.0246 Tc 0 Tw (the) Tj 16.68 0 TD -0 Tc 2.3051 Tw (ir positive impact to the) Tj 133.68 0 TD 0.0063 Tc 2.2987 Tw ( communities) Tj 73.32 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD 0 Tc 2.3348 Tw ( can encourage people to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -301.2 -16.68 TD -0.0014 Tc 0.4264 Tw (take an active role in the protection of the pipeline) Tj 265.8 0 TD -0.0221 Tc 0 Tw (s) Tj 4.92 0 TD -0.0094 Tc 0.4944 Tw ( and serve as a support re) Tj 133.2 0 TD -0.0128 Tc 0.0378 Tw (source ) Tj -403.92 -16.8 TD 0.0146 Tc 0.0703 Tw (to the government\222) Tj 99.72 0 TD 0.0522 Tc 0.0927 Tw (s para) Tj 30.6 0 TD 0.0025 Tc 0.1274 Tw (military protection units. The resources of ordinary people ) Tj -130.32 -16.68 TD -0.0074 Tc 0.0723 Tw (should not be underestimated in this case.) Tj 217.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -217.92 -37.44 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0114 Tc -0.0186 Tw (BTC and Azerbaijan\222s relations with foreign countries) Tj 318.72 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -318.72 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0 Tc 0.5455 Tw (Since Azerbaijan gained independence in 1991, the BTC pipeline has been, with the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.002 Tc 3.2629 Tw (exception ) Tj 3.2774 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 63 0 TD -0.0159 Tc 3.2808 Tw (f the Nagorno) Tj 79.92 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0034 Tc 3.2787 Tw (Karabakh conflict, the most important factor in the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -147.12 -16.68 TD -0.0009 Tc 4.1059 Tw (foreign relations of the country. Opposition or support for this project has) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0032 Tc 1.2827 Tw (determined the level of the bilateral or multinational relations of Azerbaijan with) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.006 Tc 0.0909 Tw (its neighbors. ) Tj 73.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -73.2 -28.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0155 Tc 0 Tw (Russia) Tj 31.56 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -31.56 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0344 Tc 0 Tw (Mosco) Tj 34.92 0 TD 0.0064 Tc 0.5448 Tw (w has been the most vocal opponent of the BTC pipeline. Political circles in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -34.92 -16.8 TD 0.0025 Tc 0.0525 Tw (Russia have regarded the BTC pipeline as a U.S.) Tj 252.84 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0041 Tc 0.125 Tw (backed project aimed at decreasing ) Tj -257.04 -16.68 TD 0.0008 Tc 2.9478 Tw (the economic and political influence of Kremlin in the Caucasus and breaking) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0045 Tc 0.3804 Tw (Russia\222s monopoly o) Tj 107.88 0 TD -0.0094 Tc 0.3298 Tw (n the oil and gas export routes. In many ways, that was indeed ) Tj -107.88 -16.8 TD 0.002 Tc 0.5429 Tw (true. Prior to the building of the BTC and Baku) Tj 252.96 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0056 Tc 0.5294 Tw (Supsa pipelines, also supported by) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -257.28 -16.68 TD 0.0088 Tc 3.2661 Tw (the U.S. administration, the pipeline going from Baku to the Russian port of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 2.1249 Tw (Novorossiysk was the only outlet) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 188.52 0 TD 0.0079 Tc 2.0811 Tw (for Azerbaijani oil. Thus, Moscow vigorously) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj -188.52 -16.8 TD -0.001 Tc 0.0619 Tw (opposed the pipeline from the first days of its initiation. ) Tj 294.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -294.84 -22.68 TD 0.0045 Tc 0.9205 Tw (Russian political scientists and economists have termed BTC as \221economically not) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0018 Tc 5.2348 Tw (viable\222 and referred to its geo) Tj 177.12 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0074 Tc 5.2016 Tw (strategic purpose as the only reason) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 219.12 0 TD 5.305 Tw (for its) Tj 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -400.56 -16.68 TD 0.001 Tc 2.9211 Tw (construction. Moscow\222s opposition to BTC has determined Azerbaijani) Tj 391.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0187 Tc 0.1263 Tw (Russian ) Tj -396 -16.68 TD 0.0013 Tc 3.4575 Tw (relations for the most part of the 1990s and has created much animosity and) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 285 0 obj 7957 endobj 286 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 271 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 287 0 R >> endobj 287 0 obj << /Length 288 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 11.64 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0106 Tc 0 Tw (78) Tj ET Q q 105.24 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 105.24 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD 0.0011 Tc 1.5948 Tw (hostility between the two governments. When the \223contract of the century\224 was) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0019 Tc 1.0668 Tw (signed in 1994, a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 90.96 0 TD -0.0088 Tc 1.1138 Tw (series of internal coups and high) Tj 173.52 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0026 Tc 1.0623 Tw (level political assassinations, all) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -268.8 -16.8 TD 0.0096 Tc 2.1099 Tw (with links to Moscow, rocked the Azerbaijani and Georgian capitals. When the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0191 Tc 0.0059 Tw (first oil from the Azeri) Tj 119.52 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0478 Tc (Chirag) Tj 36.12 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0037 Tc 0.0963 Tw (Guneshli oil field was successfully extracted in 1997, ) Tj -164.16 -16.8 TD 0.004 Tc 1.021 Tw (the Russian army trans) Tj 123.48 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 1.0508 Tw (ferred large amounts of military hardware \(totaling over $1) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -123.48 -16.68 TD -0.0064 Tc 2.715 Tw (billion\) into the hands of Azerbaijan\222s rival Armenia, causing much tension in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0031 Tc 0.0881 Tw (bilateral relations. ) Tj 97.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -97.08 -22.8 TD 0.0051 Tc 1.7719 Tw (Yet, despite strong opposition and political pressure from Moscow, official Baku) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0298 Tc 1.3748 Tw (never wavered) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 81.24 0 TD -0.0029 Tc 1.1438 Tw (on the issue of BTC. Russian politicians developed something of a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -81.24 -16.68 TD -0.0028 Tc 1.9805 Tw (tolerance to the pipeline only after construction works started and the pipeline\222s) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 2.4584 Tw (existence became a bitter reality to them. Moreover, ever since President Putin) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.001 Tc 0.0719 Tw (came to power in Russia, th) Tj 144 0 TD -0 Tc 0.1006 Tw (e bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Russia have ) Tj -144 -16.8 TD 0 Tc 1.9992 Tw (significantly improved, leading up to agreements on the Qabala Radar station, a) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0011 Tc 0.0861 Tw (bilateral delimitation of the Caspian sea, and increased trade volumes. ) Tj 368.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -368.04 -22.68 TD -0.0062 Tc 0.2883 Tw (In 2004, officials of BP, the largest stake) Tj 209.88 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.013 Tc (ho) Tj 13.32 0 TD -0.0165 Tc 0.2965 Tw (lder of BTC, even shocked the local and ) Tj -227.4 -16.8 TD 0.0093 Tc 4.2757 Tw (international media by announcing that they were considering to ship some) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0028 Tc 7.8277 Tw (Russian oil through the BTC pipeline. BP) Tj 264.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0094 Tc 7.8155 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s President David) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -268.44 -16.8 TD -0.0035 Tc 2.5724 Tw (Woodward informed the public in late December 2004 that the shareholders) Tj 420.6 0 TD 0.0898 Tc 2.4552 Tw ( of) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -420.6 -16.68 TD -0.0035 Tc 1.1884 Tw (BTC Co. were considering, together with British) Tj 262.44 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0181 Tc 1.1269 Tw (Russian oil company TNK) Tj 143.76 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0534 Tc (BP,) Tj 18.6 5.52 TD /F0 8.04 Tf -0.0272 Tc (6) Tj 3.84 -5.52 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -16.68 TD 0.0131 Tc 5.2919 Tw (the possibility of transporting Russian oil through the Baku) Tj 352.8 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0133 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 34.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.028 Tc -0.003 Tw (Ceyhan ) Tj -396 -16.8 TD -0.0032 Tc 2.8209 Tw (pipeline. Local media speculated that this could be done through exporting the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0035 Tc 0.4285 Tw (Siberian oil via the) Tj 99.72 0 TD 0.0018 Tc 0.4132 Tw ( Russian city of Novorossiysk to Baku, as it was planned during ) Tj -99.72 -16.68 TD -0.0011 Tc 3.8006 Tw (the Soviet times. Currently this pipeline is working in the reverse direction,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0038 Tc 0.0452 Tw (exporting Azerbaijani oil to Novorossiysk. ) Tj 225.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -225.84 -22.68 TD 0.0151 Tc 1.1498 Tw (Azerbaijani observers have welcomed the idea. They have in general ta) Tj 381.24 0 TD -0.0098 Tc 1.2348 Tw (ken it as a) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -381.24 -16.8 TD -0.003 Tc 0.7823 Tw (proof that Russia seeks ways to participate in this project, because BTC is the best) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0103 Tc 0.3987 Tw (option in the region for exporting oil to European markets due to the congestion in ) Tj T* 0.0086 Tc 2.4763 Tw (the Bosporus straits. Moreover, the participation of Russian companies in ) Tj 2.5603 Tc 0 Tw (B) Tj 418.68 0 TD 0.0072 Tc 0.0178 Tw (TC ) Tj -418.68 -16.8 TD 0.0048 Tc 0.0202 Tw (would only increase the stability of this pipeline. ) Tj 257.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -257.16 -22.68 TD -0.0094 Tc 2.1344 Tw (The Russian daily) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 103.68 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0105 Tc 2.0593 Tw (Nezavisimaya Gazeta) Tj 107.04 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0039 Tc 2.1288 Tw ( argued in its turn that Russia intends to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -210.72 -16.8 TD -0.0042 Tc 0.4052 Tw (boost its presence in the energy projects in the Caucasus in order to balance out the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0054 Tc 3.1635 Tw (increasing influence of the U.S. ) Tj 3.1958 Tc 0 Tw (i) Tj 187.32 0 TD -0.0031 Tc 3.188 Tw (n the region. 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Tj 215.76 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -260.76 -22.32 TD ( ) Tj 93.6 0 TD ( ) Tj ET 93.6 108.12 144 0.6 re f BT 237.6 105.48 TD ( ) Tj -144 -16.44 TD /F0 6 Tf -0.006 Tc 0 Tw (6) Tj 2.88 -3.96 TD /F0 9 Tf 0 Tc 0.048 Tw ( ) Tj 2.88 0 TD /F0 9.96 Tf 0.0339 Tc 0 Tw (TNK) Tj 22.92 0 TD 0.0035 Tc (-) Tj 3.36 0 TD 0.026 Tc 0.664 Tw (BP is the third largest oil co) Tj 0.015 Tc 0.707 Tw (mpany in Russia, established in Septe) Tj -0 Tc 0.7303 Tw (mber 2003, employing 100,000) Tj 0 Tc -0.0701 Tw ( ) Tj -32.04 -11.64 TD -0.0062 Tc 0.2722 Tw (people and working in such geographic areas as Western Siberia, Far East and Ural region. TNK) Tj 404.76 0 TD 0.0035 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.36 0 TD -0.025 Tc 0.1549 Tw (BP is a ) Tj -408.12 -11.64 TD 0.1385 Tc 0 Tw (co) Tj 0.0037 Tc 0.0762 Tw (mpany with 50% of its shares belonging to BP.) Tj 203.16 0 TD /F0 9 Tf 0 Tc 0.048 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 288 0 obj 7834 endobj 289 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 290 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 291 0 R >> endobj 290 0 obj << /Kids [ 289 0 R 293 0 R 296 0 R 299 0 R 302 0 R 305 0 R ] /Count 6 /Type /Pages /Parent 572 0 R >> endobj 291 0 obj << /Length 292 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 490.32 791.52 11.4 14.52 re h W n BT 490.32 794.88 TD -0.0346 Tc 0 Tw (79) Tj ET Q q 501.72 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.72 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0067 Tc 0.023 Tw (Iran and the Islamic world) Tj 126.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -126.12 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0065 Tc 1.526 Tw (Iran was another regional power that aggressively opposed the BTC pipeline and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0083 Tc 1.7512 Tw (the overall involvement of the Western oil and gas companies in ) Tj 1.8528 Tc 0 Tw (p) Tj 366.24 0 TD -0.0029 Tc 1.7678 Tw (rojects in the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -366.24 -16.8 TD -0.0044 Tc 4.1421 Tw (Caspian sea. Official Tehran claimed that the unresolved legal status of the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.009 Tc 3.776 Tw (Caspian sea prevents Azerbaijan from inviting foreign energy companies and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0055 Tc 2.3528 Tw (beginning exploration works. Moreover, the Iranian government was upset that) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0399 Tc 3.4651 Tw (Iranian firm) Tj 68.16 0 TD -0.0042 Tc 3.5692 Tw (s were excluded from the \223contract of the century\224 under strong) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -68.16 -16.68 TD 0.0064 Tc 0.0585 Tw (pressure from Washington. ) Tj 147.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -147.12 -22.8 TD -0.0092 Tc 1.5462 Tw (Iranians watched with great worry as Azerbaijan continued to develop economic,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0066 Tc 3.6115 Tw (political and even military ties with Tehran\222s enemies in the West and thus) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0152 Tc 0 Tw (considered) Tj 55.56 0 TD -0.0033 Tc 2.9737 Tw ( the BTC project as \223politically driven.\224 Tehran has lobbied for the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -55.56 -16.8 TD 0.0019 Tc 4.4631 Tw (Iranian route for the export of Azerbaijani oil and gas as the shortest and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0035 Tc 0.1084 Tw (economically most beneficial route.) Tj 185.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -185.04 -22.8 TD -0.0014 Tc 0.8664 Tw (Due to the above) Tj 91.08 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD 0.0084 Tc 0.8909 Tw (mentioned reasons, bilateral relations between Baku and Te) Tj 317.4 0 TD 0.0084 Tc 0.0166 Tw (hran ) Tj -412.92 -16.68 TD -0.0073 Tc 1.0083 Tw (soured for the most part of 1990s, reaching its lowest point in the summer of 2001,) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0034 Tc 0.2983 Tw (when Iranian military jets and gunboats threatened to use force against Azerbaijani ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0036 Tc 1.1805 Tw (vessels conducting exploration works in the Southwestern Caspian sea within the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.1078 Tc 0 Tw (fra) Tj 14.88 0 TD -0.0031 Tc 0.3281 Tw (mes of a PSA signed with BP \(the Alov oil field, located in the territorial waters ) Tj -14.88 -16.8 TD 0.0081 Tc 0.4068 Tw (of Azerbaijan.\) This was a sign of great insecurity and anger on the part of Tehran ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 0.0704 Tw (regarding energy cooperation between Baku and the Western powers.) Tj 362.76 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -362.76 -22.68 TD -0.0028 Tc 1.5878 Tw (The situation somewhat) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 134.64 0 TD 0.0083 Tc 1.5233 Tw (changed in 2001, after the terrorist attacks in New York) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -134.64 -16.8 TD 0.004 Tc 1.4064 Tw (and Washington. The subsequent war on terror launched by President Bush, and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0038 Tc 2.4611 Tw (the inclusion of Iran into the \221axis of evil\222 changed Tehran\222s priorities towards) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.002 Tc 1.611 Tw (Azerbaijan. Instead of opposing the ener) Tj 218.4 0 TD 0.0086 Tc 1.5763 Tw (gy projects and trying to sponsor radical) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -218.4 -16.8 TD 0.0061 Tc 4.4829 Tw (Islamic groups, Tehran undertook a 180) Tj 227.88 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.003 Tc 4.54 Tw (degree change in its policy towards) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -232.2 -16.68 TD 0.0047 Tc 2.4802 Tw (Azerbaijan, in an attempt to secure Azerbaijan\222s neutrality in the case of U.S.) Tj 432.96 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.96 -16.8 TD 0.0032 Tc 2.6167 Tw (Iranian conflict. Fearing that Azerbaijan would serve as th) Tj 325.08 0 TD 0.0245 Tc 2.5205 Tw (e host for American) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -325.08 -16.68 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.684 Tw (military bases, the Iranian government decided to engage in a partnership dialogue) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 2.0756 Tw (with the Azerbaijani leadership. Reciprocal visits by the two countries\222 heads of) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0114 Tc 2.3236 Tw (state illustrate this. Other thorny issues such as the opening of the ) Tj 2.3328 Tc 0 Tw (A) Tj 386.28 0 TD -0.0158 Tc -0.1992 Tw (zerbaijani ) Tj -386.28 -16.68 TD 0.0029 Tc 1.0321 Tw (consulate in Tabriz, and the beginning of airline flights between Tabriz and Baku) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0068 Tc 0.0718 Tw (were also quickly resolved.) Tj 140.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -140.04 -22.68 TD -0.0073 Tc 0.7842 Tw (BTC will continue to be treated with frustration in Tehran for a long time, yet its) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0061 Tc 0.5288 Tw (impact on bilateral relations are set to decrease s) Tj 254.4 0 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.4895 Tw (ignificantly in the coming years as ) Tj -254.4 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 0.0732 Tw (the pipeline becomes a reality. ) Tj 160.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -160.44 -22.68 TD 0.0114 Tc 1.685 Tw (At the same time, the ongoing poverty in the country and the frustration of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0033 Tc 0.8017 Tw (Azerbaijan people with the lack of reforms have led to a rise of Islamic tendencies) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0073 Tc 1.8322 Tw (in the country. A surve) Tj 128.4 0 TD 0.0217 Tc 1.7792 Tw (y conducted by the independent Baku) Tj 205.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0067 Tc 1.8182 Tw (based Far research) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -338.16 -16.68 TD 0.0113 Tc 1.3773 Tw (center showed that almost a quarter of 1,200 randomly selected respondents favor) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 292 0 obj 6488 endobj 293 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 290 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 294 0 R >> endobj 294 0 obj << /Length 295 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 12 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0408 Tc 0 Tw (80) Tj ET Q q 105.6 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 105.6 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD 0.0042 Tc 2.1088 Tw (Islamic governance. Another 29% welcomed the application of Shariat norms in) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.3592 Tw (some aspects of their daily life, such as f) Tj 211.56 0 TD 0.0079 Tc 0.2971 Tw (amily life. Another Baku) Tj 131.04 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0127 Tc 0.1722 Tw (based think tank, ) Tj -346.8 -16.8 TD 0.004 Tc 0.881 Tw (the Foundation for Azerbaijani Studies, came to a similar conclusion after its own) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 0.2737 Tw (survey. The study found that nearly 37% of the surveyed population in the south of ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0035 Tc 0.0614 Tw (Azerbaijan, near the Iranian border, favored Sh) Tj 246.84 0 TD -0.0112 Tc 0.0362 Tw (ariat governance.) Tj 89.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -336 -22.68 TD 0.0058 Tc 6.3391 Tw (While the rise of Islamic sentiments among impoverished and frustrated) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0024 Tc 2.6212 Tw (Azerbaijanis could endanger the fate of regional oil and gas projects as well as) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0058 Tc 0.5646 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s integration with the west, the process has not yet reached proportions) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.1114 Tc 0 Tw (th) Tj 11.16 0 TD -0 Tc 0.5216 Tw (at should cause alarm. Nevertheless, in spite of BTC, it is important to note that ) Tj -11.16 -16.68 TD 0.0012 Tc 1.0438 Tw (the Azerbaijani population is increasingly disillusioned with the policy of western) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0028 Tc 0.0478 Tw (powers, especially in relation to the Nagorno) Tj 233.88 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0068 Tc 0.0181 Tw (Karabakh conflict. ) Tj 99.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -337.32 -28.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0129 Tc 0.0169 Tw (The West) Tj 48.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -48.48 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0118 Tc 0.4931 Tw (European state) Tj 77.64 0 TD 0.0033 Tc 0.4034 Tw (s and the United States have been active supporters and participants ) Tj -77.64 -16.8 TD 0.0074 Tc 0.9076 Tw (in the BTC project. Both the Clinton and Bush administrations have lobbied hard) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.005 Tc 0.9363 Tw (for its materialization. Thus, the existence of BTC has significantly improved the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0011 Tc 0.1039 Tw (relations of Azerbaijan ) Tj 122.52 0 TD 0.0015 Tc 0.1554 Tw (and the Western countries and increased the presence of the ) Tj -122.52 -16.8 TD -0.0107 Tc 0.0556 Tw (U.S. and EU in the Caspian region.) Tj 185.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -185.04 -22.68 TD -0.0075 Tc 1.0386 Tw (BTC is a tool for economic integration of Azerbaijan into a European, thus global) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.012 Tc 0.1269 Tw (economy. But it is also a major geopolitical asset, linking Azerbaijan with Tur) Tj 406.44 0 TD 0.0298 Tc -0.0648 Tw (key, a ) Tj -406.44 -16.68 TD 0.0018 Tc 0.2991 Tw (NATO member, and thus creating major guarantees for Azerbaijan\222s independence ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0023 Tc 0.3072 Tw (and sovereignty. In fact, BTC was pushed through as a project aimed at linking the ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0014 Tc 0.8814 Tw (Caucasus to Turkey through the development of an East) Tj 301.32 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0073 Tc 0.9523 Tw (West corridor, which, in) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -305.64 -16.68 TD -0.0054 Tc 0.1504 Tw (turn, wou) Tj 51.24 0 TD -0.0017 Tc 0.0387 Tw (ld create further opportunities for the American presence in the region.) Tj 369.96 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -421.2 -22.68 TD -0.0103 Tc 4.1522 Tw (BTC and other oil and gas projects have created a solid foundation for the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0052 Tc 0.4015 Tw (integration of Azerbaijan into Western economies and for strong political relations ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0067 Tc 1.4716 Tw (between Baku and Washing) Tj 150.72 0 TD 0 Tc 1.4199 Tw (ton. These relations will continue to stay active even) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -150.72 -16.8 TD -0.0013 Tc 0.4047 Tw (after the completion of the construction works, because the issue of BTC\222s security ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 0.08 Tw (will most probably involve NATO and the U.S. military to some extent.) Tj 380.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -380.52 -28.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0011 Tc 0 Tw (Armenia) Tj 42 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -42 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.019 Tc 1.926 Tw (With the construction of BTC, Azerbaija) Tj 225.96 0 TD -0.0047 Tc 2.0397 Tw (n has done much to achieve one of its) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -225.96 -16.8 TD -0.0093 Tc 1.1143 Tw (major foreign policy) Tj 108 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0035 Tc 0.0215 Tw (goals ) Tj 30.72 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.12 0 TD 0.0024 Tc 1.1476 Tw ( that is, the increasing economic isolation of Armenia) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -149.04 -16.68 TD -0.0071 Tc 0.2806 Tw (with the purpose of weakening it economically and forcing it to compromise on the ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0082 Tc 1.4732 Tw (issue of Nagorno) Tj 91.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0 Tc 1.4956 Tw (Karabakh. Indeed, Armenia became one) Tj 213.96 0 TD 0.008 Tc 1.481 Tw ( of the biggest losers of) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -309.84 -16.68 TD 0.0022 Tc 0.1427 Tw (the BTC project. Geographically, a pipeline route passing through Armenia onward ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0071 Tc 4.5015 Tw (to Turkey would have been the shortest and economically cheapest way to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0045 Tc 4.9524 Tw (transport the Caspian oil to the Mediterranean sea. Naturally, the ongoing) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.1027 Tc 0 Tw (te) Tj 9.72 0 TD 0.0096 Tc 0.8982 Tw (rritorial conflict quickly put an end to this idea. In the early 1990s, some foreign) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -9.72 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 1.2494 Tw (and domestic organizations proposed to build BTC through Armenia in exchange) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 295 0 obj 6546 endobj 296 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 290 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 297 0 R >> endobj 297 0 obj << /Length 298 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 492 791.52 9.84 14.52 re h W n BT 492 794.88 TD 0.0216 Tc 0 Tw (81) Tj ET Q q 501.84 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.84 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD 0 Tc 4.0327 Tw (for the liberation of the occupied territories. Both warring sides nevertheless) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0099 Tc 0.0349 Tw (rejected this ) Tj 66.24 0 TD -0.0093 Tc 0.1912 Tw (proposal with official Yerevan saying that it did not want to trade land ) Tj -66.24 -16.8 TD -0.0157 Tc 0.5721 Tw (for oil, and official Baku adamant to avoid making such a strategic asset dependent ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0128 Tc 1.729 Tw (on an enemy. Thus, the construction of BTC, SCP, and the development of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0629 Tc 0 Tw (East) Tj 22.44 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0187 Tc 1.2662 Tw (West energy, trans) Tj 102.24 0 TD 0.0072 Tc 1.3777 Tw (port and telecommunications corridor from Azerbaijan to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -128.88 -16.68 TD 0.0016 Tc 2.1033 Tw (Europe all took place through Georgia, effectively deepening Armenia\222s regional) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0013 Tc 0.1822 Tw (isolation. With all major regional projects bypassing Armenia, economic stagnation ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.007 Tc 0.1279 Tw (and lack of trade opportunities weake) Tj 195.12 0 TD 0.0133 Tc 0.0517 Tw (n Armenia\222s future development.) Tj 173.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -368.64 -22.68 TD -0.0023 Tc 0.0787 Tw (At the moment, influential circles both in Armenia and other regional states as well ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0026 Tc 5.2304 Tw (as international organizations believe that the completion of BTC and the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0093 Tc 3.5624 Tw (subsequent export of \223major Azerbaijani oil\224 will distort the mil) Tj 366.72 0 TD 0.0154 Tc 3.4896 Tw (itary balance) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -366.72 -16.68 TD -0.0026 Tc 1.1676 Tw (between Baku and Yerevan, and in turn increase the likelihood of the resumption) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0022 Tc 1.2689 Tw (of the military hostilities. Up to this moment, BTC has played rather a deterrent) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0038 Tc 2.7157 Tw (role with regard to the resumption of military activities between Armenia and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0811 Tc 0 Tw (Az) Tj 15.36 0 TD 0.0047 Tc 0.0529 Tw (erbaijan, because the Azerbaijani government sought not to jeopardize this major ) Tj -15.36 -16.8 TD -0 Tc 5.4732 Tw (investment. But as oil production continues to increase in Azerbaijan, the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0042 Tc 0.9153 Tw (government is spending increasing amounts of funds for the modernization of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0019 Tc 0.183 Tw (army. Speaking in De) Tj 114.48 0 TD 0.0035 Tc 0.1535 Tw (cember 2004, President Aliyev said that he intended to double ) Tj -114.48 -16.68 TD 0.0059 Tc 1.1545 Tw (the military budget and do so consistently in the coming years. Coupled with the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0027 Tc 1.5059 Tw (deadlock in the peace process and the growing frustration among the Azerbaijani) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0063 Tc 1.3867 Tw (population and elite over the fru) Tj 175.08 0 TD 0.003 Tc 1.438 Tw (itlessness of the negotiations, increasing military) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -175.08 -16.68 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.3093 Tw (power might well push Azerbaijan toward the resumption of military activities and ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0023 Tc 0.9041 Tw (an attempt to retake the lost lands by force. Influential public and political figures) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0062 Tc 1.5068 Tw (in Azerbaijan openly call for this) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 183.6 0 TD 0.007 Tc 1.518 Tw (already. Of course, if wisely used, Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -183.6 -16.68 TD -0.0061 Tc 4.4044 Tw (strengthened situation could simply provide the government with a stronger) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0054 Tc 0.1204 Tw (negotiating position, which it has lacked in the past.) Tj 271.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -271.44 -22.68 TD -0.0027 Tc 0.4117 Tw (In 2005, the number of cease) Tj 148.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0026 Tc 0.4424 Tw (fire violations along the Armenian) Tj 182.28 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0302 Tc 0.3548 Tw (Azerbaijani b) Tj 70.32 0 TD -0 Tc 0.0252 Tw (order ) Tj -409.56 -16.68 TD -0.0252 Tc 0.7702 Tw (and cease) Tj 49.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0032 Tc 0.7361 Tw (fire line surpassed such incidents in previous years, causing much worry) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -53.76 -16.8 TD 0.0034 Tc 2.4349 Tw (among international organizations, and forcing OSCE to conduct an unplanned) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0034 Tc 1.2644 Tw (monitoring of the border areas. Only in March 2005, 48 cease) Tj 329.04 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.002 Tc 1.4069 Tw (fire violations were) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -333.24 -16.8 TD -0.0337 Tc 0 Tw (recorded.) Tj 47.76 0 TD 0.0225 Tc 1.5625 Tw ( The UK) Tj 49.92 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0245 Tc 1.6805 Tw (based non) Tj 53.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0 Tc 1.6574 Tw (governmental organization International Alert, in a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -159.72 -16.68 TD 0.0055 Tc 2.678 Tw (recent report on the impact of BTC on the regional conflicts, warned that the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 4.3888 Tw (success of BTC and the growing oil revenues of Azerbaijan would increase) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0013 Tc 4.9136 Tw (development disparities in the Sout) Tj 204.6 0 TD -0.0012 Tc 4.9291 Tw (h Caucasus and might well lead to the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -204.6 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 2.9055 Tw (restoration of the conflicts rather than their solutions. This analysis omits the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0018 Tc 1.2922 Tw (possibility that BTC\222s completion will further lead to the current development in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0076 Tc 2.5716 Tw (Armenia toward a reconsideration of its foreign policy) Tj 302.16 0 TD 0.0064 Tc 2.5986 Tw ( priorities, and toward a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -302.16 -16.68 TD 0.0047 Tc 0.0374 Tw (more conciliatory position in regard to the conflict.) Tj 266.4 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 298 0 obj 6654 endobj 299 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 290 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 300 0 R >> endobj 300 0 obj << /Length 301 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 11.16 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0451 Tc 0 Tw (82) Tj ET Q q 104.76 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 104.76 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0184 Tc 0 Tw (China) Tj 29.4 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -29.4 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0081 Tc 2.4669 Tw (Perhaps unnoticed at first, China has been gradually moving to become one of) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0272 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 64.8 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 5.16 0 TD -0.0072 Tc 2.1322 Tw (reliable partners in the oil and gas sector. President Ilham Aliyev\222s) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -69.96 -16.8 TD -0.0012 Tc 0.9862 Tw (March 17,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 55.2 0 TD -0.0091 Tc 1.0341 Tw (2005 visit to China marked a new, more expanded phase in the bilateral) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -55.2 -16.68 TD -0.0285 Tc 0 Tw (relations.) Tj 48.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -48.24 -22.8 TD -0 Tc 2.0054 Tw (From the economic point of view, Beijing is most interested in Azerbaijan\222s oil.) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0104 Tc 0.5445 Tw (China\222s growing economy requires constant access to ever more sources of oil, and) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0033 Tc 1.5817 Tw (the expandi) Tj 62.52 0 TD -0 Tc 1.6756 Tw (ng oil and gas sector of Azerbaijan serves as an attractive market for) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -62.52 -16.8 TD 0.0066 Tc 2.4451 Tw (this purpose. Several Chinese companies have already been granted production) Tj 432.72 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -16.68 TD 0.0083 Tc 1.1184 Tw (sharing agreements by the Azerbaijan State Oil Company for the development of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0072 Tc 3.8002 Tw (onshore oil fields in the coun) Tj 169.56 0 TD 0.0048 Tc 3.7401 Tw (try. For instance, in June 2004 the Chinese oil) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -169.56 -16.8 TD 0.0032 Tc 0.6771 Tw (company Shengli received a permission to work on the Garachukhur oil field. It is) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 0.0566 Tw (expected that the completion of BTC and the increase of oil and gas production will ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0177 Tc 2.0473 Tw (further expand Azeri) Tj 114.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0109 Tc 2.1358 Tw (Chinese relations wit) Tj 115.68 0 TD 0.0099 Tc 2.079 Tw (h further implications to the textiles,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -234.24 -16.68 TD -0.0092 Tc 0.0941 Tw (military, trade and political spheres.) Tj 187.68 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -187.68 -28.68 TD /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0098 Tc 0.0395 Tw (Central Asia) Tj 62.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -62.16 -22.68 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0042 Tc 1.3961 Tw (Three countries in the Central Asian region have played a major role the foreign) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.8191 Tw (policy of Azerbaijan in the past decade, more specifically in the area of oil and ) Tj 0.7498 Tc 0 Tw (g) Tj 426.48 0 TD 0.0134 Tc 0.0115 Tw (as ) Tj -426.48 -16.68 TD 0.0119 Tc 2.5571 Tw (industry. Foremost, the construction of BTC has opened new opportunities for) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0056 Tc 3.086 Tw (relations between Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The two countries were already) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0048 Tc 0.6698 Tw (enjoying a high level of economic and political relations, but the materialization of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0066 Tc 1.1116 Tw (the BTC pipeli) Tj 80.28 0 TD -0.0028 Tc 1.1186 Tw (ne opened doors for Kazakhstan\222s oil to be shipped to the Western) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -80.28 -16.8 TD 0.0033 Tc 0.7717 Tw (markets not only through Russian) Tj 180.72 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0093 Tc 0.7757 Tw (owned pipelines as previously, but also through) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -184.92 -16.68 TD 0.0032 Tc 2.1938 Tw (pipelines that do not pass through Russia. Azerbaijani and Kazakhstani officials) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0082 Tc 0.5268 Tw (have been engaged in bilater) Tj 149.52 0 TD 0.015 Tc 0.478 Tw (al talks over the conditions of the shipment of Kazakh ) Tj -149.52 -16.8 TD 0.0091 Tc 2.4159 Tw (oil through BTC. Most recently, Kazakhstan\222s President Nursultan Nazarbayev) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0042 Tc 0.1663 Tw (announced that experts from both sides would work together to agree on the tariffs. ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0037 Tc 3.0013 Tw (Should Kazakhstan\222s oil also be shipped ) Tj 3.2006 Tc 0 Tw (v) Tj 234.96 0 TD -0.0036 Tc 3.0285 Tw (ia BTC, it would further strengthen) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -234.96 -16.68 TD -0.0057 Tc 0.0546 Tw (bilateral relations between the two countries.) Tj 234.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -234.24 -22.68 TD 0.0272 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 64.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0 Tc 1.2247 Tw (relations with Turkmenistan have not developed as smoothly as was) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -69.12 -16.8 TD -0.0045 Tc 1.2695 Tw (the case with Kazakhstan. Ashgabat has contested the Kyapaz oil field, located in) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0278 Tc 1.1928 Tw (the middle ) Tj 1.1174 Tc 0 Tw (o) Tj 67.2 0 TD -0.0012 Tc 1.1362 Tw (f the Caspian sea, with Baku. This dispute led to the deterioration of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -67.2 -16.8 TD 0.0113 Tc 2.6937 Tw (the bilateral relations and tensions between the two capitals. This in turn, has) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0024 Tc 1.4626 Tw (effectively killed) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 93.72 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.12 0 TD 0.0086 Tc 1.4563 Tw ( for the time being) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 106.92 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.12 0 TD 0.0112 Tc 1.4937 Tw ( the idea of building a Trans) Tj 156 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0282 Tc 1.4367 Tw (Caspian gas) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -373.08 -16.68 TD 0.0076 Tc 0.0173 Tw (pipeline to export Tu) Tj 110.76 0 TD -0.0203 Tc 0.1413 Tw (rkmen gas via Azerbaijan and Georgia.) Tj 202.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -313.68 -22.8 TD 0.0048 Tc 0.2902 Tw (Uzbekistan, on the other hand, has developed rather firm relations with Azerbaijan ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0033 Tc 1.6182 Tw (and has been playing an active part in the development of the East) Tj 364.32 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0008 Tc 1.5857 Tw (West energy) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 301 0 obj 6755 endobj 302 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 290 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 303 0 R >> endobj 303 0 obj << /Length 304 0 R >> stream BT 257.04 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (Azerbaijan) Tj 52.44 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -226.68 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 491.16 791.52 10.68 14.52 re h W n BT 491.16 794.88 TD 0.011 Tc 0 Tw (83) Tj ET Q q 501.84 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.84 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD 0.0134 Tc 0.3115 Tw (and trade corridor. Tashkent and Baku reaffirmed their s) Tj 298.44 0 TD 0.0175 Tc 0.2235 Tw (trong ties also through the ) Tj -298.44 -16.68 TD -0.0064 Tc 0.1114 Tw (regional alliance of GUUAM.) Tj 157.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -157.08 -37.56 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.022 Tc 0 Tw (Conclusion) Tj 67.32 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -67.32 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0096 Tc 1.3546 Tw (The successful) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 82.2 0 TD 0.0281 Tc 0 Tw (completion) Tj 58.56 0 TD 0.0018 Tc 1.2231 Tw ( of the Baku) Tj 66.84 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0038 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 34.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0018 Tc 1.3227 Tw (Ceyhan pipeline is a major victory) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -250.8 -16.68 TD 0.0066 Tc 0.9098 Tw (in Azerbaijan\222s foreign policy. Indeed, in the mid) Tj 262.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0115 Tc 0.8834 Tw (1990s, few analysts believed this) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -266.88 -16.68 TD -0.0099 Tc 0.2748 Tw (pipeline would ever be ) Tj 121.32 0 TD -0.0067 Tc 0.2837 Tw (built. As late as 2000, western, Russian, and Iranian analysts ) Tj -121.32 -16.8 TD -0.0029 Tc 1.0136 Tw (alike could still be caught on record arguing that the chances of the pipeline being) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0042 Tc 3.7892 Tw (built were close to nil. In spite of the dire predictions, BTC was built to a) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0021 Tc 0.6229 Tw (significant extent because of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 153.72 0 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.6925 Tw (an often neglected factor: it was the strategic decision) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -153.72 -16.68 TD 0.0013 Tc 3.7872 Tw (of the Azerbaijani government to export its energy assets through a western) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0022 Tc 6.5672 Tw (pipeline. This, in connection with the Turkish straits issue, strong U.S.) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0 Tc 0.1786 Tw (government support, and the lack of other options) Tj 261.84 0 TD 0.0036 Tc 0.1413 Tw ( with both economic and political ) Tj -261.84 -16.68 TD 0.0053 Tc 1.6311 Tw (viability, ensured that BTC emerged as the sole) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 264 0 TD -0.0028 Tc 0 Tw (feasible) Tj 39.36 0 TD 0.0218 Tc 1.5872 Tw ( option for the export of) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -303.36 -16.8 TD -0.0309 Tc 0.1759 Tw (Azerbaijani major oil.) Tj 113.4 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -113.4 -22.68 TD 0 Tc 0.2543 Tw (The realization of the BTC pipeline carries major implications for the development ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0033 Tc 1.9483 Tw (and strengthening of Azerbaijan\222s) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 187.2 0 TD -0.0104 Tc 2.0068 Tw (statehood and independence, as well as for its) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -187.2 -16.8 TD 0.004 Tc 4.6609 Tw (relations with the Euro) Tj 134.52 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.01 Tc 4.5921 Tw (Atlantic community. First of all, BTC ensures that) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -138.72 -16.68 TD 0.0071 Tc 1.8879 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s major economic assets are not in the hands of regional powers that) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0008 Tc 0.7697 Tw (would be inclined to use this asset to influence or co) Tj 278.4 0 TD 0.0018 Tc 0.7832 Tw (ntrol Azerbaijan\222s foreign and) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -278.4 -16.8 TD -0.006 Tc 0.9448 Tw (domestic affairs. But beyond this, BTC will help Azerbaijan to emerge as a player) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0103 Tc 1.0853 Tw (on the world stage. As a new significant non) Tj 240 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0048 Tc 1.0618 Tw (OPEC source of oil, Azerbaijan will) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -244.2 -16.8 TD 0.0086 Tc 1.0278 Tw (become a significant contributor to Europe\222s energy security,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 328.08 0 TD -0.012 Tc 1.117 Tw (a desperately needed) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -328.08 -16.68 TD 0.0038 Tc 1.1372 Tw (asset given Russia\222s dominance in the European energy market. Domestically, the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0075 Tc 6.2841 Tw (income generated by oil exported through BTC constitutes a tremendous) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.0073 Tc 0.5177 Tw (opportunity for Azerbaijan to find a short) Tj 220.92 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.4898 Tw (cut in its economic transition and in the ) Tj -225.12 -16.68 TD -0.0092 Tc 0.1241 Tw (building of a modern, wealthy and diversified economy. ) Tj 295.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -295.08 -22.8 TD -0.048 Tc 0.073 Tw (In ) Tj 18.12 0 TD 0.0092 Tc -0.2242 Tw (political ) Tj 48.6 0 TD -0.0054 Tc 3.3904 Tw (terms, BTC will) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 98.76 0 TD 0.016 Tc 3.269 Tw (be of great significance for Azerbaijan\222s regional) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -165.48 -16.68 TD -0.0081 Tc 5.8411 Tw (position. Situated in a strategic location and surrounded by great powers,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0093 Tc 0.3342 Tw (Azerbaijan\222s small population and size would ) Tj 240.84 0 TD 0.011 Tc 0.1339 Tw (tend to ) Tj 40.32 0 TD -0.0136 Tc 0.3086 Tw (doom it to the role of a minor ) Tj -281.16 -16.8 TD -0.0073 Tc 0.5723 Tw (power under the influence of larger states. Indeed, most states in the Caucasus and ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0.0013 Tc 1.1255 Tw (Central Asia have often found themselves either under the dominant influence of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.0098 Tc 2.8214 Tw (one larger power, or forced to play off regional powe) Tj 297.84 0 TD -0.0071 Tc 2.8521 Tw (rs against one another to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -297.84 -16.8 TD 0 Tc 1.0446 Tw (maximize their own independence and freedom of action. This exercise consumes) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0 Tc 2.652 Tw (substantial energies and impedes the development and implementation of long) Tj 432.72 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -16.8 TD -0.0018 Tc 1.0587 Tw (term strategic foreign policy goals. Moreover, it makes the state dependent) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 403.2 0 TD 0.019 Tc 0.966 Tw (on the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -403.2 -16.68 TD -0.01 Tc 0.9211 Tw (shifts in policy and attention of one or several regional power. Indeed, Armenia is) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0009 Tc 1.0578 Tw (heavily dependent on continued Russian commitment, just as Georgia depends on) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0012 Tc 0.7822 Tw (America\222s attention. Thanks to its energy resources, Azerbaijan stands a chance) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 426.6 0 TD 0.0158 Tc -0.1109 Tw (to ) Tj -426.6 -16.68 TD -0.0749 Tc 0 Tw (fulf) Tj 19.08 0 TD -0.0182 Tc 1.6032 Tw (ill its leadership\222s long) Tj 121.2 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0093 Tc 1.4556 Tw (standing goal to) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 90.6 0 TD -0.0082 Tc 1.5932 Tw (emerge as a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 67.56 0 TD 0.0035 Tc 1.5215 Tw (regional player in it own) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 304 0 obj 7393 endobj 305 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 290 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 306 0 R >> endobj 306 0 obj << /Length 307 0 R >> stream BT 239.52 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0247 Tc 0.0372 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline) Tj 68.28 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -273.12 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 12 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0346 Tc 0 Tw (84) Tj ET Q q 105.6 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 105.6 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD -0.0278 Tc 0 Tw (right) Tj 25.44 0 TD -0.0184 Tc 2.0557 Tw (. This in no sense means Azerbaijan will become a regional power; what it) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -25.44 -16.68 TD -0.0101 Tc 1.0979 Tw (does mean is that Azerbaijan can build its statehood and security on a more equal) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD 0.009 Tc 2.416 Tw (basis with its) Tj 73.2 0 TD -0.0109 Tc 2.3825 Tw ( neighbors, as well as regional and great powers. This) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 303.36 0 TD 0.0023 Tc 2.4227 Tw (feat, which) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -376.56 -16.68 TD -0.0087 Tc 3.6936 Tw (Azerbaijan shares only with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the wider region,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.8 TD -0.0027 Tc 0.0756 Tw (would have been impossible without BTC.) Tj 223.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -223.08 -22.68 TD -0.008 Tc 1.7387 Tw (Of course, BTC is not a panacea for the solution to all of Azerbaijan\222s ) Tj 1.8806 Tc 0 Tw (v) Tj 396.12 0 TD 0.0111 Tc 1.6939 Tw (ery real) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -396.12 -16.68 TD -0.0274 Tc 0 Tw (challenges.) Tj 56.76 0 TD -0.0032 Tc 0.9336 Tw ( Indeed, its effect on the country\222s political development are unclear, as) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -56.76 -16.8 TD -0.0014 Tc 0.3771 Tw (it poses both an opportunity for political reforms and carries simultaneous risks for ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD 0 Tc 0.5577 Tw (a slowdown of reforms. Likewise, BTC could significantly strengthen Azerbai) Tj 413.16 0 TD 0.0136 Tc 0.0113 Tw (jan\222s ) Tj -413.16 -16.68 TD 0.0052 Tc 2.3598 Tw (negotiating position vis) Tj 127.32 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.049 Tc (\340) Tj 5.52 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD -0.0129 Tc 2.3929 Tw (vis Armenia, and thereby help it achieve a negotiated) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -141.6 -16.8 TD 0 Tc 0.7792 Tw (solution; but it could also increase the risk of renewed hostilities. In the end, BTC) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -16.68 TD -0.0083 Tc -0.0868 Tw (provides ) Tj 47.76 0 TD 0.0098 Tc 0.2552 Tw (great opportunities) Tj 98.88 0 TD 0.0116 Tc 0.2876 Tw ( for Azerbaijan\222s development in political, economic, a) Tj 285.48 0 TD -0.0221 Tc 0.047 Tw (s ) Tj -432.12 -16.8 TD -0.0127 Tc 2.0777 Tw (well as strategic terms.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 129.84 0 TD 0.0025 Tc 1.9024 Tw (The extent to which) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 117 0 TD -0.0093 Tc 1.9543 Tw (the numerous) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 78.48 0 TD -0.0075 Tc 2.0124 Tw (expectations that are) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -325.32 -16.68 TD -0.0203 Tc 1.3052 Tw (tied to BTC will be realized will depend on) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 238.8 0 TD -0 Tc 1.2253 Tw (the government\222s ability to capitalize) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -238.8 -16.68 TD 0.0142 Tc 0.0108 Tw (on these opportunities) Tj 115.92 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (.) Tj 3.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -119.16 -22.8 TD ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 307 0 obj 3430 endobj 535 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 536 0 R /Length1 538 0 R >> stream HW \U? 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