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First, one must speak of the close correspondence that existed at all) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0085 Tc 3.0364 Tw (stages of the pipeline\222s development between the) Tj 272.16 0 TD 0.0114 Tc 3.0535 Tw ( politicians, businessmen, and) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -272.16 -17.52 TD -0.0096 Tc 2.86 Tw (economists who defined the project\222s ends and the engineers and builders who) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0086 Tc 2.0222 Tw (devised the means by which those ends could be achieved. 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Then, to complicate things still further, ) Tj T* -0.0034 Tc 1.3684 Tw (the government of the United States, which had been approached to extend large) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.035 Tc 0 Tw (cred) Tj 21.96 0 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.2811 Tw (its to help finance the pipeline, announced that it would not support the project ) Tj -21.96 -17.4 TD -0.0174 Tc 1.8048 Tw (until it was proven that it could be built and managed in a way that made good) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.0941 Tw (business sense. 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Skeptics regrouped to warn that huge overruns of construction costs would ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.01 Tc 2.6389 Tw (be inevitable, and that even if construction was miraculously completed within) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0 Tc 0.1052 Tw (budget, there would not) Tj 124.2 0 TD -0.0079 Tc 0.0196 Tw ( be enough oil to keep the big tube filled.) Tj 210.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -334.8 -23.52 TD 0.0013 Tc 0.8083 Tw (Thanks to these concerns, widely aired in the media, the project became a favorite) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0034 Tc 0.9184 Tw (target for scoffers. Critics in all the sponsoring countries attacked their leaders for) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0015 Tc 2.0834 Tw (wasting taxpayers\222 money to finance it, ) Tj 2.089 Tc 0 Tw (a) Tj 226.56 0 TD -0.0057 Tc 2.1049 Tw (nd within the region for not driving a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -226.56 -17.4 TD -0 Tc 1.129 Tw (hard enough bargain. Shareholders of BP and other participating firms denounced) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0023 Tc 2.2593 Tw (their companies\222 officers for being obsessed with unrealistic and na\357ve \223pipeline) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0038 Tc 0.1488 Tw (dreams.\224 ) Tj 52.8 0 TD 0.0182 Tc 0.1267 Tw (As govern) Tj 53.88 0 TD -0.0215 Tc 0.1264 Tw (ments changed in ) Tj 95.04 0 TD 0.0071 Tc 0.2579 Tw (Azerbaijan, Georgia) Tj 104.88 0 TD 0.006 Tc 0.1989 Tw (, and Turkey) Tj 67.92 0 TD -0.0505 Tc 0.1955 Tw (, and also in ) Tj -374.52 -17.52 TD -0.0009 Tc 0.0659 Tw (Great Britain, the ) Tj 95.64 0 TD 0.0038 Tc 0 Tw (U) Tj 10.32 0 TD -0.012 Tc 0.037 Tw (nited States,) Tj 64.68 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 3.24 0 TD 0.0157 Tc 0.0692 Tw (and Norway, ) Tj 71.88 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0843 Tw (the pipeline could be dismissed as ) Tj 178.8 0 TD -0.0437 Tc 0.0686 Tw (an ) Tj -424.56 -17.4 TD -0.0259 Tc 0 Tw (ill) Tj 10.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD 0.0124 Tc 1.0925 Tw (advised enthusiasm) Tj 103.08 0 TD -0.0019 Tc 1.1411 Tw ( of the outgoing leaders. In Azerbaijan) Tj 210.6 0 TD -0 Tc 1.2254 Tw ( some oppositionists) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -328.68 -17.4 TD -0.09 Tc 1.795 Tw (saw it) Tj 32.52 0 TD -0.0466 Tc 1.7515 Tw ( as) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 20.04 0 TD 0.0188 Tc 1.5662 Tw (President Hey) Tj 77.16 0 TD -0.0281 Tc 1.6131 Tw (dar Aliyev\222) Tj 60.12 0 TD 0.0054 Tc 1.6995 Tw (s irrational infa) Tj 83.64 0 TD 0.0197 Tc 0.0053 Tw (tuation, ) Tj 45.48 0 TD -0.0406 Tc 0 Tw (and) Tj 18.96 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 4.8 0 TD -0.018 Tc 1.7229 Tw (in Georgia it was) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -342.72 -17.52 TD -0.0083 Tc 1.3533 Tw (dismissed as) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 70.32 0 TD 0.0132 Tc 1.2238 Tw (the pet project of former President Shevardnadze. Little by little the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -70.32 -17.4 TD -0.0091 Tc 1.391 Tw (project was reduced to the status of an abstraction, a symbol of dubious decision) Tj 432.72 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -17.52 TD 0.0033 Tc (making.) Tj 42.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -42.48 -23.4 TD -0.0047 Tc 1.6257 Tw (During August 2000, in an effort to refocus world attention on) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 345.36 0 TD 0.0168 Tc 1.5682 Tw (the reality of the) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -345.36 -17.52 TD 0.012 Tc 5.4369 Tw (proposed pipeline, a group of twenty) Tj 217.8 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0092 Tc 5.4158 Tw (four Americans, Azerbaijanis, British,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -222 -17.4 TD -0.0045 Tc 3.6655 Tw (Georgians, Swedes, and Turks under the leadership of the intrepid American) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0325 Tc 0 Tw (journalist) Tj 49.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0047 Tc 2.2006 Tw (writer Thomas Goltz, traveled the entire route in order to deliver the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 50 0 obj 7397 endobj 51 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 42 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 52 0 R >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Length 53 0 R >> stream BT 183.84 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0214 Tc 0.0339 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline: Oil Window to the West ) Tj 182.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -331.32 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 9.84 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0278 Tc 0 Tw (10) Tj ET Q q 103.44 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 103.44 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD 0.0221 Tc 0 Tw (firs) Tj 17.52 0 TD 0.0023 Tc 1.4627 Tw (t oil from the Caspian to the Mediterranean port of Ceyhan) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 329.88 0 TD -0.0451 Tc 0 Tw (\226) Tj 6.12 0 TD 0.0066 Tc 1.5183 Tw ( by motorcycle.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -353.52 -17.4 TD -0.0027 Tc 0.2953 Tw (As they bounced along dirt roads through three countries and traversed many more ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0041 Tc 0.189 Tw (linguistic and cultural zones, they captured the drama that is the essence of all great ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (undertakin) Tj 57.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.7009 Tw (gs. Televised interviews with citizens of the remote towns and villages) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -57.12 -17.52 TD -0.002 Tc 0.1654 Tw (they visited revealed something that the skeptics failed to include in their dyspeptic ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.003 Tc 3.526 Tw (view of the project: that those most directly affected by Baku) Tj 352.8 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD 0.0133 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 34.68 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.028 Tc -0.003 Tw (Ceyhan ) Tj -396 -17.52 TD -0.0067 Tc 0.4716 Tw (welcomed it and pr) Tj 101.28 0 TD -0.0009 Tc 0.4413 Tw (ayed that it would be a success, not only for its sponsors but for) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -101.28 -17.4 TD 0.0009 Tc 0.024 Tw (the people of the entire region. ) Tj 168.48 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -168.48 -23.52 TD 0.0024 Tc 2.6844 Tw (After several years of careful research, the international team of engineers and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0033 Tc 1.0483 Tw (economists working under the consortium \223BTC Pipeline Company\224 determin) Tj 424.92 0 TD 0.0883 Tc 0.0566 Tw (ed ) Tj -424.92 -17.4 TD -0.0026 Tc 0.7076 Tw (that the project could be accomplished in a manner consistent with sound business) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0037 Tc 1.7959 Tw (principles and with minimal environmental risk. As to Russia\222s concerns, all the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0062 Tc 1.3032 Tw (governments involved insisted that they relied upon and welcomed the continued) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0136 Tc 3.3714 Tw (export of ) Tj 3.3974 Tc 0 Tw (C) Tj 66.72 0 TD 0.0032 Tc 3.3817 Tw (aspian oil through Russia. They also pointed out to Moscow that) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -66.72 -17.4 TD 0.0123 Tc 0.7696 Tw (Russia\222s own project for a pipeline from the Caspian across southern Russia to the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0027 Tc 1.6377 Tw (Black Sea port of Novorossiisk was being built with the participation of western) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0057 Tc 2.3793 Tw (firms, notably Exxon \(later) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 155.4 0 TD 0.0058 Tc 2.3741 Tw (ExxonMobil\). In short, the BTC pipeline was not) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -155.4 -17.52 TD -0 Tc 1.4053 Tw (against anyone. And it was discovered that there would be enough oil for both it) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0061 Tc -0.0051 Tw (and Russia\222s project to thrive. ) Tj 157.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -157.08 -23.4 TD 0.0038 Tc 0.6531 Tw (Such were the kinds of concerns that had to be addressed before work on the BTC) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0193 Tc 4.0857 Tw (pipeline coul) Tj 70.32 0 TD -0.0035 Tc 4.0212 Tw (d commence. At no point was the project advanced as a heroic) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -70.32 -17.4 TD -0.037 Tc 1.4119 Tw (engineering scheme a la Saint) Tj 159.48 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.005 Tc 1.2813 Tw (Simon, needing no defense beyond the assertion of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -163.8 -17.52 TD -0.0046 Tc 1.0395 Tw (its visionary character. The engineers \(and also the economists\) were less drivers) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0025 Tc 0.8914 Tw (than facilitators. In the end,) Tj 153.24 0 TD -0.0048 Tc 0.9764 Tw ( BTC was launched because it made good sense from) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -153.24 -17.52 TD 0.0025 Tc 3.1824 Tw (the perspective of public policy in all the participating countries. Had it been) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.006 Tc 2.6128 Tw (otherwise, it would never have gained the strong support from all sides of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0014 Tc 0.0778 Tw (political spectrum that it achieved in both Eu) Tj 235.08 0 TD -0.0154 Tc 0.0404 Tw (rope and America.) Tj 95.88 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -330.96 -38.16 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0136 Tc -0.0164 Tw (\223It\222s About More Than Oil.\224) Tj 168.96 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -168.96 -21 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0065 Tc 0.7115 Tw (It goes without saying that the Baku) Tj 193.8 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0229 Tc (Tblisi) Tj 31.08 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0.75 Tw (Ceyhan pipeline is, and should be, \223all) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -233.28 -17.4 TD 0.0009 Tc 2.2764 Tw (about oil,\224 as critics charge. But it is, equally, about economic, social, and civic) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0079 Tc 2.9609 Tw (development, not only within the individu) Tj 236.88 0 TD 0.0017 Tc 2.9032 Tw (al participating countries but among) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -236.88 -17.4 TD -0.0061 Tc 3.0071 Tw (them, and also between this western) Tj 203.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD -0.0032 Tc 2.9282 Tw (most zone of Asia and the Euro) Tj 181.56 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.018 Tc 0.007 Tw (Atlantic ) Tj -393.84 -17.52 TD 0.0008 Tc 1.8642 Tw (world. This important dimension of the project was not implanted from the top) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0054 Tc 0.4503 Tw (down. Rather, it arose from the close working relationships that) Tj 339.84 0 TD 0.0036 Tc 0.3214 Tw ( arose between the ) Tj -339.84 -17.52 TD -0.0031 Tc 2.1335 Tw (international experts in business and technology and thousands of key men and) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0057 Tc 1.8469 Tw (women in the three countries traversed by the pipeline. This in turn shaped the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0 Tc 0.4575 Tw (project\222s relation to the myriad communities and millions of citizens affected) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 409.56 0 TD 0.0252 Tc 0.1198 Tw (by it. ) Tj ET endstream endobj 53 0 obj 6832 endobj 54 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 42 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F1 8 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 55 0 R >> endobj 55 0 obj << /Length 56 0 R >> stream BT 234.96 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0095 Tc 0.0993 Tw (School of Modernity) Tj 96.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -248.76 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 494.16 791.52 7.68 14.52 re h W n BT 494.16 794.88 TD 0.0086 Tc 0 Tw (11) Tj ET Q q 501.84 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.84 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD 0.0097 Tc 0.7473 Tw (Together, these relationships broadened the project\222s focus far beyond the delivery) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.002 Tc 0.0507 Tw (of oil to include the entire sphere of economic, social, and civic development. ) Tj 403.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -403.92 -23.52 TD -0.0115 Tc 0.9411 Tw (Development issues have loomed far larger in the BTC project than in most other) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0326 Tc 0 Tw (suc) Tj 16.8 0 TD 0.0027 Tc 3.9072 Tw (h undertakings. Their centrality has meant that the) Tj 301.68 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.0277 Tc 3.8421 Tw ( process) Tj 40.56 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0069 Tc 3.8581 Tw ( of designing,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -359.04 -17.52 TD -0.0032 Tc 0.2959 Tw (constructing and managing the pipeline has been no less important to the pipeline\222s ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0011 Tc 1.0161 Tw (success than the mere putting in place of the steel tube. The heart of this process) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0309 Tc 3.7159 Tw (has been an) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 74.16 0 TD 0.0027 Tc 3.6356 Tw (intensive process of consultation that has already run to several) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -74.16 -17.4 TD 0.0065 Tc 2.8385 Tw (thousand meetings. Virtually anyone affected by the work has been given an) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0 Tc 0.1625 Tw (opportunity to register his or her concerns. Anyone confused about how and where ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0031 Tc 1.3481 Tw (to do so could consult the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 143.4 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0257 Tc 0 Tw (Citiz) Tj 24.24 0 TD 0.0073 Tc 1.2224 Tw (ens Guide) Tj 0 Tc 0.1498 Tw ( ) Tj 52.8 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf -0.0084 Tc 1.4254 Tw (that BP issued and disseminated widely.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -220.44 -17.4 TD 0.0528 Tc 0 Tw (A) Tj 9.6 0 TD -0.0163 Tc (n) Tj 6.84 0 TD 0.0018 Tc 2.8098 Tw ( international board of experts, the \223Caspian Development Advisory Panel\224) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -16.44 -17.52 TD -0.0043 Tc 0.1012 Tw (introduced further dimensions into the wide) Tj 231.24 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0083 Tc 0.1533 Tw (ranging discussion.) Tj 100.2 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -335.64 -23.4 TD 0.003 Tc 0.9286 Tw (In Turkey alone the project affected some three hundred villages,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 352.2 0 TD -0.001 Tc 0.9459 Tw (nearly all in the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -352.2 -17.52 TD 0.0023 Tc 1.1627 Tw (relatively backward eastern and south) Tj 201.6 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD -0.0094 Tc 1.1658 Tw (central zones of Anatolia. There, as well as) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -205.8 -17.4 TD -0.0022 Tc 0.3108 Tw (in Georgia and Azerbaijan, communities were not sufficiently organized to interact ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0011 Tc 5.5311 Tw (effectively with a large international enterprise. Therefore, the Consor) Tj 411.84 0 TD 0.0444 Tc -0.1394 Tw (tium ) Tj -411.84 -17.4 TD 0.0044 Tc 0.9406 Tw (mounted a \223Community Investment Program\224 that included assistance to villages) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0086 Tc 0.5064 Tw (in organizing themselves to take advantage of jobs and opportunities in everything ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0032 Tc 0.0218 Tw (from provisioning to sanitation. ) Tj 169.92 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -169.92 -23.4 TD -0.0166 Tc 3.8283 Tw (In recent years the word \223sustainable\224 has become a mant) Tj 334.68 0 TD 0.0079 Tc 3.7371 Tw (ra of international) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -334.68 -17.52 TD 0.0031 Tc 0.9219 Tw (development banks, national development agencies, and NGOs. In the process) Tj 421.92 0 TD 0.0499 Tc 0 Tw (,) Tj 3.24 0 TD -0.025 Tc 1.0099 Tw ( it) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -425.16 -17.4 TD -0.0072 Tc 1.0081 Tw (has lost much of its meaning. However, the need for the BTC project to meet the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0 Tc 0.3947 Tw (austere demands of the free market has imposed practical pressures on every ) Tj 405.24 0 TD -0.0206 Tc 0.1656 Tw (aspect ) Tj -405.24 -17.4 TD 0.0008 Tc 3.6722 Tw (of the associated development efforts that might otherwise have been absent.) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0158 Tc 3.3792 Tw (Thanks to these, the changes fostered by BTC show every sign of becoming) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0055 Tc 0.2681 Tw (permanent. Such changes can be grouped under the following nine headings. Each ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0018 Tc 0.2032 Tw (pertains directly ) Tj 88.56 0 TD 0.0049 Tc 0.2 Tw (to the overall processes of development and regional integration in ) Tj -88.56 -17.4 TD -0.0033 Tc 0.0782 Tw (the South Caucasus and the broader region of which it is a part.) Tj 331.08 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -331.08 -38.28 TD /F1 14.04 Tf -0.0076 Tc -0.0224 Tw (Nine Degrees of ) Tj 101.04 0 TD -0.0163 Tc 0.1063 Tw (Development ) Tj 83.16 0 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw ( ) Tj -184.2 -20.88 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.005 Tc 0.292 Tw (First, BTC has pioneered in the field of risk assessment, setting a high standard for ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0097 Tc 0.3947 Tw (all subs) Tj 38.76 0 TD 0.0046 Tc 0.1747 Tw (equent business ventures in the region. This began with the selection of the ) Tj -38.76 -17.4 TD -0.0023 Tc 0.8765 Tw (route and extended down to every detail of the planning. Against the background) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0116 Tc 1.0134 Tw (of crude engineering practices during the Soviet era, this stress on calculating and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0104 Tc 0.0146 Tw (managing bot) Tj 71.52 0 TD -0.0105 Tc 0.0835 Tw (h physical and human risk is nothing short of a revolution.) Tj 306.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -378.12 -23.52 TD -0.0087 Tc 0.2082 Tw (Second, BTC would never have succeeded without the development and systematic ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0011 Tc 5.8558 Tw (application of uniform standards of law across all three jurisdictions, i.e.,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 56 0 obj 6393 endobj 57 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 42 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 58 0 R >> endobj 58 0 obj << /Length 59 0 R >> stream BT 183.84 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0214 Tc 0.0339 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline: Oil Window to the West ) Tj 182.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -331.32 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 9 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0322 Tc 0 Tw (12) Tj ET Q q 102.6 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 102.6 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD -0.0091 Tc 1.7861 Tw (Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. Since ) Tj 1.6742 Tc 0 Tw (t) Tj 222.72 0 TD -0.0057 Tc 1.7707 Tw (hese standards extend from engineering) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -222.72 -17.4 TD -0 Tc 3.1457 Tw (principles to issues of environment, health, and safety, they, too, add up to a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0121 Tc 0.0971 Tw (transforming force in all the three societies.) Tj 227.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -227.04 -23.4 TD -0.0071 Tc 1.782 Tw (Third, without local support the project could not succeed. This meant above all) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0011 Tc 0 Tw (respectin) Tj 47.04 0 TD -0.0102 Tc 2.5952 Tw (g the legal and human rights of affected populations. This was all the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -47.04 -17.4 TD 0 Tc 0.0615 Tw (more important because the majority of firms participating in the project were from ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0 Tc 0.205 Tw (abroad. Hence, the consortium had to conduct itself like Caesar\222s wife and be above ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.012 Tc 2.053 Tw (reproach. Aside) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 93.96 0 TD 0.0029 Tc 2.1384 Tw (from the fact that this was consistent with the values of most) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj -93.96 -17.52 TD -0.005 Tc 3.2045 Tw (responsible international firms today, it set a new standard in Azerbaijan and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0025 Tc 0.4304 Tw (Georgia that local firms will henceforth be expected to live up to. Some issues, like ) Tj T* -0.0152 Tc 2.9202 Tw (land acquisition and pipelin) Tj 152.64 0 TD 0 Tc 2.8357 Tw (e security, were especially sensitive. Because these) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -152.64 -17.52 TD -0.0012 Tc 1.0702 Tw (matters were largely settled through negotiation rather than litigation, the process) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0049 Tc 1.5201 Tw (educated thousands of people on how to interact effectively and fairly with large) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0116 Tc 0.1326 Tw (enterprises in a market economy. ) Tj 176.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -176.16 -23.4 TD 0.0413 Tc 0 Tw (F) Tj 7.08 0 TD -0.002 Tc 5.0779 Tw (ourth, every phase of the planning and construction required the help of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -7.08 -17.52 TD 0.0034 Tc 1.0116 Tw (thousands, and at times tens of thousands, of Azer) Tj 270.84 0 TD 0.0254 Tc 0 Tw (baijan) Tj 31.44 0 TD 0.0029 Tc 1.0621 Tw (is, Georgians, and Turks.) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -302.28 -17.4 TD -0.0021 Tc 0.7556 Tw (Most needed to be trained. Thanks to this, the project became a major purveyor of) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0019 Tc 1.943 Tw (skills both in tech) Tj 98.4 0 TD -0.0104 Tc 2.0603 Tw (nical and civil areas, an educational institution whose benefits) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -98.4 -17.4 TD 0.0238 Tc 0 Tw (will) Tj 20.16 0 TD -0.0039 Tc 1.7239 Tw ( outlive the construction of BTC and possibly BTC) Tj 281.64 0 TD 0.0074 Tc 1.7376 Tw ( itself. Specialists) Tj 98.52 0 TD -0.0213 Tc 1.7863 Tw ( in the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -400.32 -17.4 TD 0.0187 Tc 0.4863 Tw (development field refer) Tj 123 0 TD -0.0041 Tc 0.5854 Tw ( to this process as \223capacity building\224 and see it as essential) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -123 -17.52 TD -0.0227 Tc 1.3676 Tw (to economic modernizat) Tj 128.64 0 TD -0.0017 Tc 1.2484 Tw (ion. Ordinary folks think of it as the key to feeding their) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -128.64 -17.4 TD -0.009 Tc 0.0339 Tw (families. ) Tj 47.88 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -47.88 -23.52 TD -0.0108 Tc 1.8757 Tw (Fifth, the many disputes that were bound to arise in the course of so complex a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0122 Tc 1.1127 Tw (project forced the pipeline consortium into the field of conflict resolution. When) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0195 Tc 0.6055 Tw (necessary, it resorte) Tj 104.28 0 TD 0.003 Tc 0.694 Tw (d to courts of law, proceeding in accordance with local practice) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -104.28 -17.4 TD 0.0015 Tc 1.9135 Tw (in each country. In far more instances than were documented, differences were) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0126 Tc 2.8816 Tw (resolved through the customary methods with which all local inhabitants were) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0062 Tc 2.1788 Tw (intimately familiar. More common, ) Tj 2.1485 Tc 0 Tw (h) Tj 204.6 0 TD -0.0047 Tc 2.2497 Tw (owever, was the use of informal grievance) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -204.6 -17.52 TD -0.0066 Tc 0.1966 Tw (procedures to settle disputes. These did not preempt citizens\222 right to sue in a court ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0034 Tc 2.0841 Tw (of law, but the fact that few chose to do so attests to the effectiveness of these) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj T* -0.011 Tc 0.5759 Tw (innovative methods for resolving conflicts.) Tj 226.2 0 TD 0.0009 Tc 0.4355 Tw ( Considering that in Turkey alone there ) Tj -226.2 -17.52 TD -0.0186 Tc 0.7451 Tw (were 62,000 landowners with whom agreements on land costs and the value of lost) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0115 Tc 0.0865 Tw (crops had to be reached, this is no mean achievement. ) Tj 288.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -288.12 -23.52 TD 0.0025 Tc 1.7725 Tw (Sixth, all of this was conducted under conditions of transparency that were new) Tj 437.04 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -437.04 -17.4 TD 0.0034 Tc 0.8016 Tw (not only to economic life in the former Soviet states but also in many parts of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0029 Tc 4.2279 Tw (more traditional) Tj 0 Tc -0.215 Tw ( ) Tj 96.48 0 TD 0.0119 Tc 0.1331 Tw (areas ) Tj 33.6 0 TD 0.0107 Tc 4.2142 Tw (of Turkey. Fortunately, the provisions of the British) Tj 302.64 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -17.4 TD -0.0067 Tc 0.2236 Tw (sponsored \223Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative\224 were readily at hand and ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0063 Tc 1.8913 Tw (could be ad) Tj 61.8 0 TD -0.0054 Tc 1.8958 Tw (opted as a standard. Since these were clearly set forth in the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 335.88 0 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0.006 Tc 0.0238 Tw (Citizens ) Tj ET endstream endobj 59 0 obj 6752 endobj 60 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 62 0 R >> endobj 61 0 obj << /Kids [ 60 0 R 64 0 R 67 0 R 70 0 R ] /Count 4 /Type /Pages /Parent 570 0 R >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Length 63 0 R >> stream BT 234.96 794.88 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 12.48 Tf -0.0095 Tc 0.0993 Tw (School of Modernity) Tj 96.6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0298 Tw ( ) Tj -248.76 -747 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 493.32 791.52 8.52 14.52 re h W n BT 493.32 794.88 TD -0.0019 Tc 0 Tw (13) Tj ET Q q 501.84 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 501.84 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 64.8 737.28 TD /F3 12.48 Tf 0 Tc 0.0294 Tw (Guide ) Tj 32.64 0 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.0059 Tc 0.271 Tw (and other publicly available documents issued by the consortium, individuals ) Tj -32.64 -17.4 TD 0.0008 Tc 5.7961 Tw (in the three countries could invoke principles of transparency against the) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0115 Tc 1.8765 Tw (consortium if they deemed) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 150.12 0 TD -0.0106 Tc 1.8756 Tw (it necessary. Here, again, the BTC project acted as a) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -150.12 -17.4 TD 0.0043 Tc 2.4642 Tw (civic educator, raising expectations and opening effective paths of action at the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0042 Tc 0.3254 Tw (local and regional level that were scarcely been available to ordinary citizens before ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0028 Tc 0.5677 Tw (BTC. These will outlive the cons) Tj 179.4 0 TD -0.0013 Tc 0.5749 Tw (truction process and will doubtless be invoked as) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -179.4 -17.52 TD 0.0044 Tc 1.9867 Tw (local publics seek to address the heritage of corruption that infuses much of the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0285 Tc 0 Tw (region.) Tj 36.12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -36.12 -23.52 TD 0.0143 Tc 3.4107 Tw (Seventh, the BTC project opened vast new territory to the activities of non) Tj 432.72 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj -432.72 -17.4 TD -0 Tc 6.205 Tw (governmental organizations in all three) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 239.4 0 TD 0 Tc 6.1843 Tw (countries, legitimizing and greatly) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -239.4 -17.4 TD -0 Tc 1.0406 Tw (strengthening them in the process. The NGOs, of course, might argue that it was) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.2879 Tw (shortcomings in the work of the BTC Pipeline Company and its chief participating ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0034 Tc 0.2976 Tw (firms that forced them to take action, and that without res) Tj 306.12 0 TD 0.0174 Tc 0.1575 Tw (olute intervention by the ) Tj -306.12 -17.52 TD 0.03 Tc 0 Tw (NGOs) Tj 35.76 0 TD 0.0499 Tc (,) Tj 3.12 0 TD -0.0033 Tc 0.5723 Tw ( the project would have done more harm than good. Polemics aside, it is to) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -38.88 -17.4 TD 0.0082 Tc 0.6629 Tw (the credit of BP and SOCAR \(the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic\)) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.0805 Tw (that they recognized the value of cooperating with the more responsible) Tj 373.44 0 TD 0.01 Tc 0.015 Tw ( NGOs. ) Tj 48.36 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -421.8 -23.4 TD 0.0101 Tc 1.9749 Tw (Thus, a project in Georgia funded by the Eurasia Foundation and a region) Tj 407.52 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.44 0 TD -0.0137 Tc 0.2786 Tw (wide ) Tj -411.96 -17.52 TD 0.0129 Tc 4.7188 Tw (initiative mounted by George Soros\222 Open Society Institute both interacted) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.001 Tc 1.586 Tw (regularly with pipeline Company officials at national and local levels. Together,) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj T* 0.0274 Tc 0.2376 Tw (they addres) Tj 60.36 0 TD -0.0027 Tc 0.344 Tw (sed matters as varied as public disclosure, human rights, preservation of ) Tj -60.36 -17.52 TD -0.0008 Tc 2.6658 Tw (archaeological sites, and local) Tj 160.2 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0069 Tc 2.6119 Tw (sourcing policies in the areas) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 165.24 0 TD 0.0298 Tc -0.0048 Tw (of ) Tj 16.32 0 TD 0.0076 Tc 2.6574 Tw (employment and) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -346.08 -17.4 TD -0.0073 Tc 0.5323 Tw (procurement. And when Amnesty International in 2004 identified what it claimed ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0132 Tc 0.2302 Tw (was a long series of ) Tj 104.76 0 TD 0.0117 Tc 0.1692 Tw (abuses committed by the pipeline\222s builders and their friends in ) Tj -104.76 -17.4 TD 0.0057 Tc 2.8032 Tw (government, the Pipeline Company responded not by dwelling on instances of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0029 Tc 1.1178 Tw (careless research by the NGO but by entering into extensive consultation with it.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0008 Tc 0.3842 Tw (The consortium\222s readiness to tak) Tj 177.72 0 TD -0 Tc 0.454 Tw (e this step strengthened the NGOs\222 legitimacy as) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -177.72 -17.52 TD -0.0018 Tc 4.8627 Tw (a force independent of both government and business, and also encouraged) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0011 Tc 0.0456 Tw (responsible and constructive behavior on the part of the NGOs themselves. ) Tj 396.24 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -396.24 -23.52 TD 0.0086 Tc 1.5897 Tw (Eighth, the entire process of planning and executing the pi) Tj 318.6 0 TD 0.0151 Tc 1.5699 Tw (peline project fostered) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -318.6 -17.4 TD -0.0044 Tc 5.2373 Tw (levels of regional interaction and cooperation that would earlier have been) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0075 Tc 1.6135 Tw (inconceivable. 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Discussions regard) Tj 135.36 0 TD 0.0023 Tc 1.9826 Tw (ing a possible trans) Tj 105.36 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0124 Tc 1.9325 Tw (Caspian pipeline promise to extend) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -244.92 -17.52 TD 0.0082 Tc 0.0067 Tw (eastward the regional cooperation generated by BTC. ) Tj 296.52 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -296.52 -23.4 TD 0.0008 Tc 1.3742 Tw (Ninth, the BTC project has been, along with NATO\222s Partnership for Peace, the) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD 0.0069 Tc 0.153 Tw (single greatest promoter of interaction between the South Caucas) Tj 341.76 0 TD 0.0117 Tc 0.1032 Tw (us and Europe. As ) Tj -341.76 -17.4 TD -0 Tc 0.1055 Tw (David Blatchford shows in his essay in this volume, the BTC project chose to apply ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD -0.0032 Tc 1.7748 Tw (European Union standards \(notably EU environmental directives\) in several key) Tj 0 Tc 0.265 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.005 Tc 3.46 Tw (areas affecting national law in the three participating states. 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And,) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -227.28 -17.52 TD 0 Tc 3.2646 Tw (finally, will energy) Tj 105.96 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.0093 Tc 3.1756 Tw (rich Turkmenistan, under sustained pressure from Russia\222s) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -110.16 -17.4 TD 0.127 Tc 0 Tw (sta) Tj 14.64 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 1.59 Tw (te monopolies, Transneft and Gaz) Tj 184.32 0 TD 0.0043 Tc 1.5606 Tw (prom, which still control its energy exports,) Tj 0 Tc -0.095 Tw ( ) Tj -198.96 -17.52 TD -0.0015 Tc 0.1121 Tw (resolve its differences with Azerbaijan and begin exporti) Tj 294.96 0 TD -0 Tc 0.0253 Tw (ng through the BTC route?) Tj 141.84 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj -436.8 -23.4 TD 0.0027 Tc 0.0447 Tw (The answers to these questions are far from clear today. What is certain, though, is ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.005 Tc 0.6599 Tw (that positive outcomes will be achieved only through the same kind of coordinated) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.0083 Tc 2.9086 Tw (and sustained effort that brought the BTC pipeline to a succes) Tj 352.44 0 TD 0.0134 Tc 2.8916 Tw (sful conclusion.) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 69 0 obj 6723 endobj 70 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 61 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F0 6 0 R /F3 15 0 R >> /ProcSet 2 0 R >> /Contents 71 0 R >> endobj 71 0 obj << /Length 72 0 R >> stream BT 183.84 796.08 TD 0 0 0 rg /F3 11.04 Tf -0.0268 Tc 0.0393 Tw (The Baku) Tj 41.4 0 TD -0 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0213 Tc (Tbilisi) Tj 28.08 0 TD -0 Tc (-) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0214 Tc 0.0339 Tw (Ceyhan Pipeline: Oil Window to the West ) Tj 182.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw ( ) Tj -331.32 -748.2 TD /F0 12.48 Tf 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET q 93.6 791.52 9.84 14.52 re h W n BT 93.6 794.88 TD 0.0029 Tc 0 Tw (16) Tj ET Q q 103.44 791.52 0.24 14.52 re h W n BT 103.44 794.88 TD ( ) Tj ET Q BT 93.6 737.28 TD 0.0048 Tc 2.2282 Tw (There are solid grounds for optimism. The opening of the Baku) Tj 352.8 0 TD -0.0058 Tc 0 Tw (-) Tj 4.32 0 TD -0.0178 Tc (Tb) Tj 15.36 0 TD -0.0442 Tc (i) Tj 3.72 0 TD -0.0168 Tc (lisi) Tj 15.6 0 TD -0.0058 Tc (-) Tj 4.2 0 TD 0.028 Tc -0.003 Tw (Ceyhan ) Tj -396 -17.4 TD -0.0019 Tc 0.1268 Tw (pipeline eloquently refutes the smug assertions of skeptics and doomsayers in many ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0046 Tc 3.3434 Tw (countries. It is a monument to what can be achieved through the exercise of) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.072 Tc 0 Tw (pe) Tj 11.88 0 TD -0 Tc 4.0945 Tw (rsistence and tenacity on a national and international level. If those same) Tj 0 Tc 0.145 Tw ( ) Tj -11.88 -17.52 TD -0.007 Tc 2.3819 Tw (qualities can be mobilized to address the profound changes that BTC will soon) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.4 TD 0.013 Tc 1.9689 Tw (wreak in the South Caucasus, there is every reason to believe that the resulting) Tj 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj 0 -17.52 TD -0.0149 Tc 0.0399 Tw (transformations will ) Tj 110.28 0 TD 0.0031 Tc 0.0218 Tw (be positive.) Tj 59.16 0 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw ( ) Tj ET endstream endobj 72 0 obj 1696 endobj 535 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 536 0 R /Length1 538 0 R >> stream HW \U? 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